Design for Cost and Environment

Question 1

What does AQI stand for

Answer 1

Air Quality Index

Question 2

How is the AQI calculated

Answer 2

(Pollutant Concentration/Pollutant Standard Level) x100
Less than 100 = SAFE
More than 100 = UNSAFE

Question 3

Good AQI

Answer 3

0-50

Question 4

Moderate AQI

Answer 4

51-100

Question 5

Unhealthy for sensitive people AQI

Answer 5

101-150

Question 6

Unheathy AQI

Answer 6

151-200

Question 7

Very Unhealthy AQI

Answer 7

201-300

Question 8

Severe AQI

Answer 8

300+

Question 9

What are the challenges of environmental impact analysis

Answer 9

Difficult to get accurate energy and cost data
Hard to account for building and infrastructure
Huge range in materials
Recycled material quantity rapidly changes
Energy prices change

Question 10

Name some UN Environmental goals and Resolutions

Answer 10

1. UN Sustainable Development goals (SDGs) 2015 -17 goals
2. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - reduce CO2 emissions
3. UN Resolutions - eliminate plastic waste
4. UN Conference on SD 2012
5. UNESCO strategy for Education and Sustainable Development (ESD) - more education for SD

Question 11

What are some European directives/legislation/targets for climate change

Answer 11

1. Euro 6 (2014) - emission standards
2. 2021 car CO2 emission target of 95g CO2/km
3. EC Directive 1999 on landfill of waste - recycling etc.
4. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 2012 - reuse and recycle of WEEE

Question 12

What are some UK legislation/directives

Answer 12

1. Energy Act 2011 - energy suppliers promote efficiency
2. Environment Act 1995 - National air/waste quality strategy
3. Car tax bands - higher penalties for more polluting vehicles

Question 13

What are the professional standards that protect the environment

Answer 13

ISO 14001 - internationally recognised, reduce waste, improve resource efficiency, cut waste management cost

Question 14

What are the 5 types of repair

Answer 14

1. Remake - brand new sub-assembly
2. Remanufacture - Disassemble and reassemble with some new parts
3. Recondition - Salvage sub-systems
4. Re-use - 2nd hand purchase
5. Repair - Fault identified and repaired

Question 15

What are the 7 types of car engine

Answer 15

1. IC petrol (20%) - Spark ignition
2. IC diesel (30%) - Compression ignition
3. Micro hybrid (32%) - Stop/start at junction
4. Mild hybrid (35%) - Parallel drive (IC and electric)
5. Full hybrid (40%) - Series drive (IC generator only)
6. Plug-in hybrid (40%) - Some pure electric capability
7. Electric (60%+) - Purely electric

Question 16

What are the ways of aiding recycling

Answer 16

Avoid using more different materials than necessary
Make parts easier to disassemble
Use material identifiers

Question 17

Stiffness (unconstrained)

Answer 17

E^(1/2)/rho

Question 18

Stiffness (constrained)

Answer 18

E/rho

Question 19

Strength (unconstrained)

Answer 19

sigma^(2/3)/rho

Question 20

Strength (constrained)

Answer 20

sigma/rho

Question 21

Mechanical Energy absorption

Answer 21

sigma*epsilon/rho

Question 22

Mechanical Energy storage

Answer 22

sigma^2/(rho*E)

Question 23

Thermal conductivity

Answer 23

lambda/rho

Question 24

Thermal Insulation

Answer 24

1/(lambda*rho)

Question 25

Cost index

Answer 25

Mass index * 1/c

Question 26

Energy index

Answer 26

Mass index * 1/e

Question 27

What are the standard AQI levels for some common gases

Answer 27

O3 (ozone) = 100 ppb
NO2 = 120 ppb
SO2 = 200 ppb
CO = 9 ppb

Question 28

What is the EAT-Lancet commission

Answer 28

37 global scientists consensus on a healthy and sustainable diet

Question 29

What does PM10 mean

Answer 29

Particle pollutants under 10 microns

Question 30

What are material energy content and production energy content?

Answer 30

Energy required to mine, refine and process material stock

Energy required to turn a material into a product