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Product Design > Design for Cost and Environment > Flashcards

Design for Cost and Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What does AQI stand for

A

Air Quality Index

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2
Q

How is the AQI calculated

A

(Pollutant Concentration/Pollutant Standard Level) x100
Less than 100 = SAFE
More than 100 = UNSAFE

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3
Q

Good AQI

A

0-50

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4
Q

Moderate AQI

A

51-100

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5
Q

Unhealthy for sensitive people AQI

A

101-150

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6
Q

Unheathy AQI

A

151-200

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7
Q

Very Unhealthy AQI

A

201-300

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8
Q

Severe AQI

A

300+

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9
Q

What are the challenges of environmental impact analysis

A

Difficult to get accurate energy and cost data
Hard to account for building and infrastructure
Huge range in materials
Recycled material quantity rapidly changes
Energy prices change

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10
Q

Name some UN Environmental goals and Resolutions

A
  1. UN Sustainable Development goals (SDGs) 2015 -17 goals
  2. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - reduce CO2 emissions
  3. UN Resolutions - eliminate plastic waste
  4. UN Conference on SD 2012
  5. UNESCO strategy for Education and Sustainable Development (ESD) - more education for SD
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11
Q

What are some European directives/legislation/targets for climate change

A
  1. Euro 6 (2014) - emission standards
  2. 2021 car CO2 emission target of 95g CO2/km
  3. EC Directive 1999 on landfill of waste - recycling etc.
  4. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 2012 - reuse and recycle of WEEE
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12
Q

What are some UK legislation/directives

A
  1. Energy Act 2011 - energy suppliers promote efficiency
  2. Environment Act 1995 - National air/waste quality strategy
  3. Car tax bands - higher penalties for more polluting vehicles
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13
Q

What are the professional standards that protect the environment

A

ISO 14001 - internationally recognised, reduce waste, improve resource efficiency, cut waste management cost

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14
Q

What are the 5 types of repair

A
  1. Remake - brand new sub-assembly
  2. Remanufacture - Disassemble and reassemble with some new parts
  3. Recondition - Salvage sub-systems
  4. Re-use - 2nd hand purchase
  5. Repair - Fault identified and repaired
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15
Q

What are the 7 types of car engine

A
  1. IC petrol (20%) - Spark ignition
  2. IC diesel (30%) - Compression ignition
  3. Micro hybrid (32%) - Stop/start at junction
  4. Mild hybrid (35%) - Parallel drive (IC and electric)
  5. Full hybrid (40%) - Series drive (IC generator only)
  6. Plug-in hybrid (40%) - Some pure electric capability
  7. Electric (60%+) - Purely electric
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16
Q

What are the ways of aiding recycling

A

Avoid using more different materials than necessary
Make parts easier to disassemble
Use material identifiers

17
Q

Stiffness (unconstrained)

A

E^(1/2)/rho

18
Q

Stiffness (constrained)

A

E/rho

19
Q

Strength (unconstrained)

A

sigma^(2/3)/rho

20
Q

Strength (constrained)

A

sigma/rho

21
Q

Mechanical Energy absorption

A

sigma*epsilon/rho

22
Q

Mechanical Energy storage

A

sigma^2/(rho*E)

23
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

lambda/rho

24
Q

Thermal Insulation

A

1/(lambda*rho)

25
Q

Cost index

A

Mass index * 1/c

26
Q

Energy index

A

Mass index * 1/e

27
Q

What are the standard AQI levels for some common gases

A

O3 (ozone) = 100 ppb
NO2 = 120 ppb
SO2 = 200 ppb
CO = 9 ppb

28
Q

What is the EAT-Lancet commission

A

37 global scientists consensus on a healthy and sustainable diet

29
Q

What does PM10 mean

A

Particle pollutants under 10 microns

30
Q

What are material energy content and production energy content?

A

Energy required to mine, refine and process material stock

Energy required to turn a material into a product

Product Design (5 decks)

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