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symposiums y1 > Dental Materials > Flashcards

Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is material science

A

The study of all categories of materials (solids)

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2
Q

What are 3 main materials we look at in dentistry? Give examples of their use

A
  1. Metals e.g-crowns,inlays,inlays,bridges
  2. Ceramics e.g - porcelain
  3. Polymers e.g - dentures,adhesive agents,sealants,composite
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3
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond formed by the exchange of electrons

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4
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons

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5
Q

Wha are the relative strengths of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent= 400 (kjmol), ionic= 40, hydrogen= 20

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6
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

A bond formed by delocalised electrons that are free to move through the lattice

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7
Q

What do metals have high melting and boiling points?

A

Due to the strong metallic bonds that require a lot of heat to overcome.

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8
Q

Name 6 properties of metals

A
  1. Strong bonds
  2. Opaque
  3. Good thermal and heat conductor
  4. Malleable
  5. Ductile
  6. Good stiffness
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9
Q

What does malleable mean?

A

Can be pulled into sheets

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10
Q

What does ductile mean?

A

Can be drawn into wires

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11
Q

Why can metals conduct heat and electricity?

A

Due to free delocalised electrons that can carry a charge

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12
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Deterioration of metal by a chemical (oxidation) or electrochemical reaction.

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13
Q

What is brittleness?

A

A material that can’t be bent or deformed without it breaking.

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14
Q

What is creep?

A

Gradual, but permanent change in dimension under load.

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15
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The ease at which heat is transferred through a material.

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16
Q

Give 3 clinical used of metals?

A
  1. Gold-based alloy
  2. Low-gold alloy
  3. Conventional low copper amalgam
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17
Q

What is tensile?

A

A force that pulls an object apart

18
Q

What is compression?

A

A force that is applied on the object.

19
Q

What is elastic modulus?

A

The stiffness of a material

20
Q

What is shrinkage

A

Conversion mechanism that results in changing phases

21
Q

What is erosion?

A

Loss of dental hard tissue due to chemical influence of extrinsic and intrinsic acids without bacterial involvement

22
Q

What is wear?

A

Attributed to occlusal contacts with antagonistic teeth (attrition), chewing, tooth brushing, acid attack

23
Q

Why do you need a light cure when doing composite?

A

To start the polymerisation reaction in order to set the polymer

24
Q

What is stiffness like within the polymer chain?

A

High

25
Q

What is stiffness like between adjacent chains?

A

Low

26
Q

What are properties of polymers?

A
  1. Low strength (compress to metals/ceramics)
  2. Overall stiffness
  3. Large thermal expansion
  4. Resistance to water absorption
27
Q

What does cross linking do ?

A

Increases strength allows resistance to water absorption

28
Q

What are ceramics?

A

Simple compounds of metallic and non metallic elements

29
Q

How is porcelain produced?

A

By sintering

30
Q

How is glass produced

A

By cooling a material (ceramic or polymer) to a rigid solid condition without it crystallising

31
Q

What sort of bonds do ceramics have?

A

Ionic bonds

32
Q

Name 7 properties of ceramics

A
  1. Poor thermal conductor
  2. Stable
  3. Biocompatible
  4. Transparent
  5. Translucent
  6. 3D crystal structure
  7. Brittle
33
Q

What is biocompatible

A

Not harmful/toxic to living tissue (no adverse reaction)

34
Q

What is stress?

A

Relates to force

35
Q

How do we measure stress?

A

(In MPa) stress=force/area

36
Q

What is strain?

A

Relates to deformation

37
Q

What is the total area under the stress strain curve?

A

Toughness

38
Q

How is smoking related to oral health?

A
  • increased risk of oral cancer
  • increased severity and extent of periodontal diseases
  • tooth loss and poor wound healing
39
Q

What are 2 categories of health risks that come with smoking?

A
  1. Cancers (head/neck, lung stomach kidney pancreas)

2. Chronic disease (stroke heart disease etc) is

40
Q

What are the properties of nicotine ?

A

A stimulant (stimulation and relaxation.

  • positive reinforcement
  • dopaminergic effects
41
Q

What are the main withdrawal symptoms?

A
  • craving for nicotine
  • mood swings
  • difficulty concentrating
  • increased hunger
42
Q

What are some less frequent withdrawal symptoms?

A
  • sleep disturbance
  • constipation
  • oral ulceration (respiratory tract infections
  • productive cough (tar)

symposiums y1 (8 decks)

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