Dental instrumentation

Question 1

what are the 2 instrument categories

Answer 1

• cutting and non cutting

Question 2

what are the cutting instruments

Answer 2

• excavators
  -chissels
• hatchets
• trimmers

Question 3

what are the non cutting instruments

Answer 3

• amalgam condensers
• mirrors
  -explorers
• probes

Question 4

what are three parts of a hand instrument

Answer 4

blade, shank, handle

Question 5

in non cutting instruments the part corresponding to the blade is a called a ____

Answer 5

nib

Question 6

what is the function of the shank?
- what are the characteristics
- how many bends do they have and why?

Answer 6

• Shank serves to connect the handle to the working end of the instrument.
• Shanks are normally smooth,
  round, and tapered.
  -They often have one or more bends to overcome the tendency of the instrument to twist
  while in use when force is applied

Question 7

what are double sided instruments

Answer 7

• have blades on both ends of the handle

Question 8

where are bevels located on a hand cutting instrument

Answer 8

Most hand cutting instruments not only have a
bevel on the end of the blade but also have
bevels on the sides.

Question 9

what is the primary cutting edge

Answer 9

• Most hand-cutting instruments have a single bevel on the end of the blade that forms the primary cutting edge.

Question 10

what can the blade bevels also be used for

Answer 10

• the sides can be used to plane or scrape walls and margins of a prep

Question 11

how is instrument angle measured what are the units

Answer 11

Is measured in centrigrades
and made by the long axis of
the blade and the
long axis of the handle

Question 12

what is the 3 number instrument numbering formula

Answer 12

First number - width of blade - in tenths of a millimeter
Second number: length of blade in millimeters
Third number: angle of the blade from the long axis of the shaft in centrigades / hundreds of a circle

Question 13

what does each number represent

Answer 13

10 = 1.0 mm blade width
7 = 7mm blade length
14 = the Centigrade angle made by the long axis of the blade and the
long axis of the handle

Question 14

what is the 4 number instrument numbering formula

Answer 14

Question 15

• chisels
• hatchet
• marginal trimmer

Answer 15

• chisel - cuts enamel
• hatchet - beveled side cutting ability
• marginal trimmer- remove unsupported enamel rods or to place a bevel

Question 16

what is a,b,c

Answer 16

• a/b gingival marginal trimmers
• C- enamel hatchet
• these are all chisels

Question 17

what are chisel used for?
- what motion do you use

Answer 17

Used for shaping and smoothing cavity preparation walls and floors; primarily used for cutting
enamel
* Straight thrust or pushing motion is used

Question 18

what are the subdivisions of the chisels

Answer 18

Subdivided into:
straight chisels
, curved chisels,
bin-angle chisels,
enamel hatchets,
gingival margin trimmers.

Question 19

what are the different hatchets what are their function

Answer 19

• Enamel hatchets;
  ­Large (CP1247)
  ­Small (CP8/9H)
• For refining and
  smoothing enamel and
  dentin

Question 20

what is the function of marginal trimmers?
what are they similar to

Answer 20

• eliminate unsupported enamel on the gingival walls of proximal preparations

-Similar design to enamel hatchet
except that the blade is curved, and the primary cutting edge is at an angle to the access of the blade

Question 21

what are escavators used for

Answer 21

• used as scooping
  instruments for removing carious
  material, refinement of the internal
  aspects of the preparation, and
  establishment of correct anatomical restoration form.

Question 22

what are carvers used for

Answer 22

facilitate the carving and
contouring of restorations.

Question 23

what are condensers used for

Answer 23

are used to place and/or
condense restorative materials into a prepared cavity preparation.

Question 24

what are the 4 types of escavators

Answer 24

­Ordinary Hatches
­Hoes
­Angler Formers
­Spoons

Question 25

what are the function of carvers

Answer 25

• carving and contouring of restorations

Question 26

what are the carving instrumets

Answer 26

• hollen back
• cleoid discoid ( double ended instrument)

Question 27

what is the function of a condenser

Answer 27

• None cutting instrument
• Used to condense/pack restorative materials into a prepared cavity

Question 28

what is the basic hand instrument set up

Answer 28

• mirror
• explorer
• peridontal probe

Question 29

how do you know when a instrument is dull and sharp

Answer 29

• dull - glint from the cutting edge
• sharp- no glint

Question 30

what the instrument grasps

Answer 30

1. Modified Pen
2. Inverted Pen
3. Palm and Thumb
4. Modified Palm and Thumb

Question 31

what is the modified pen grasp

Answer 31

• allows for greatest control of the instrument while maintain ergonomic positioning of the wrist and elbow
  -pads od thje