Democracy And Participation Flashcards
Success of Howard league for penal reform
- Abolished death penalty
- Books for prisoners
Example of insider group
The National farmers union gives conservative government special knowledge in return for influence over policy
Example of outsiders using direct action
Just Stop Oil 2022 protests
Example of PGs making legal challenges
Countryside alliance took its case against the banning of fox hunting to the high court in 2004
Example of insiders taking direct action
BMA strikes in 2016 after cons tried to impose a new contract on junior doctors
Example of legal challenge (Stonewall)
Stonewall challenged the banning of homosexuality in armed forces - ban was lifted by government in 2000 after a successful case in the ECHR
Example of Stonewall influencing policy
Involved in equalising age of consent to 16 (2000)
Example of stonewall influencing policy
Involved in passing the civil partnerships Act (2004)
Example of Howard League for penal reform successful court case
2014 High Court ruling obliged government to drop its ban on prisoners families sending them books
Example of PGs influencing policy (BMA)
Contributed to a ban on smoking in enclosed areas in 2007
Example of PGs only having success when cause is popular
BMA campaigned for total ban of smoking in cars but switched to a ban for when children were in the car which passed in 2015
Example of PGs using different points of access
BMA lobbied HoL for introduction of banning smoking in cars with children as an amendment to the 2014 Children and Families Act
Example of lobbying success
National farmers union successfully lobbied DEFRA to bring about a badger cull in 2013
Example of importance of leadership
In 2020, Marcus Rashford teamed up with fareshare to put pressure on the government to reverse its decision to extend FSM to holidays
Example of PGs gaining media attention
Just stop oil in 2022 blocked roads and stopped premier league football matches
Example of PGs having lots of resources
RSPCA employs around 1600 people and has 1000s of volunteers
Example of strategy helping success
RSPCA played a key role in banning hunting with dogs in 2004 by collaborating with 2 other groups to stop them competing
Example of campaign having lots of public support
Snowdrop campaign to ban use of handguns was successful due to widespread support following Dunblane in 1996
Example of favourable media coverage on PGs
Johanna Lumley’s public support and leadership of the Gurkha justice campaign led to an overturning of the ban in 2009
Turnout in Brexit Referendum
72%
Turnout in Scottish Independence Referendum
84%
Turnout in 2024 local elections
40.5%
What % of people renting from a local authority don’t have recognisable voter ID?
17%
What % of class DE don’t have recognisable voter ID?
8%
What % of people don’t have recognisable voter ID?
4%
Turnout in 2019 General Election
67%
Result of 1973 Northern Ireland Border Poll
99% voted to remain in UK
How many recall petitions have there been
6
How many cases of electoral fraud in 2019
26
How many unique signatures on e-petitions
23 million
