Dementia Flashcards
vascular dementia pathophysiology
multiple small infarcts
usually secondary to hypertension/cerebrovascular disease
RFs for vascular dementia
hypertension smoking hyperlipidemia obesity diabetes
describe the progression of vascular dementia
stepwise decline
the S+S for vascular dementia
cognitive impairment following cerebrovascular accidnent THEN functional deficit THEN memory
Classic sign: mood disturbance
Note: psychosis and hallucinations can present but are usually a late feature
LBD m or f
f
LBD age
50
LBD pc
visual hallucinations and parkinsonian features
cognitive function fluctuates
BUT physical symptoms must not precede the hallucinations by more than one year
a common manifestation of LBD
sleep disorder
Pathophysiology of LBD
Spherical “Lewy Body” proteins are deposited in the brain - more widespread in distribution in comparison to parkinsons
Progression of LBD
rapid progression often with death around 7 years following diagnosis
Frontotemporal pathophysiology
Neuron damage and death in the frontal and temporal lobes
atrophy due to deposition of commonly tau proteins
genetic component
what type of dementia is picks disease associated with
frontotemporal
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) caused by
eating meat infected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy through eating infected cattle meat.
sporadic or varient
can be indolent for many years
progression of PC of CJD
minor memory lapses, mood disturbance and loss of interest. This quickly (over weeks) becomes more prominent and is followed by unsteadiness and physical clumsiness. Progression then involves stiffness, jerking movements, incontinence and aphasia. Death usually occurs within 6 months of symptom presentation.
