Dell's interactive model

Question 1

Dell’s interactive model of speech production

Answer 1

Expands sequential models by incorporating interactive processes between different levels of representation.

Production involves a dynamic interplay between conceptual, lexical and phonological levels with bidirectional activation/inhibition between them

Question 2

Conceptual level

Answer 2

Like the sequential, here the speaker formulates the intended message/meaning to be conveyed. Nodes are activated based on relevance and association.

Question 3

Lexical level

Answer 3

This level contains word representations linked to concepts. Each node connects to related concepts and phonological representations. Spreading happens due to frequency and semantic priming

Question 4

Phonological level

Answer 4

Stores the phonological forms of words and is responsible for retrieving the sound of the word for articulation.

Question 5

Interactive processes

Answer 5

Different from sequential; while activation spreads between the levels to form words, feedback from the phonological level spreads back to the conceptual to self-monitor and correct where needed.

Question 6

Inhibition and compitition

Answer 6

In addition to activation, these two concepts play a crucial role. Nodes that receive high levels of activation inhibit competing nodes.

This helps to resolve ambiguity