Del Paine Final Exam

Question 0

What are the 8 infections of the gastrourinary system?

Answer 0

(1) pyelonephritis
(2) cystitis
(3) prostatitis
(4) urethritis
(5) balanitis
(6) cervicitis
(7) tubo-ovarian infection
(8) adrenal gland

Question 1

What are the 6 categories of diseases of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?

Answer 1

(1) infection
(2) obstruction
(3) cancer
(4) incontinence
(5) renal failure
(6) interstitial cystitis

Question 2

What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis?

Answer 2

(1) fever
(2) pain
(3) dysuria
(4) frequency
(5) urgency
(6) back ache (maybe)

Question 3

Is pyelonephritis more common in men or women?

Answer 3

Women

Question 4

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

Answer 4

(1) frequency
(2) urgency
(3) small urine volume
(4) dysuria
(5) pyuria
(6) low back pain > sacrum

Question 5

What are the symptoms of prostatitis, urethritis or balanitis?

Answer 5

(1) burning on urination
(2) decreased stream
(3) chlamydia/gonorrhea
(4) balanitis > head of the penis will be a syphlitic chancre

Question 6

What are 6 STDs?

Answer 6

(1) gonorrhea
(2) syphilis
(3) chlamydia
(4) papilloma virus
(5) HIV I and II
(6) Hep C

Question 7

What is the only symptom of cervicitis?

Answer 7

It usually is asymptomatic but there might be pain upon intercourse

Question 8

What are the 5 different obstructions of the genitourinary system?

Answer 8

(1) stones
(2) scars
(3) congenital
(4) BPH
(5) cancer

Question 9

Who is more likely to have stones?

Answer 9

Caucasians

Question 10

What % of the population will be affected by stones?

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

What is a common sign of stones?

Answer 11

Painless blood in the urine… Unless the stone is associated with infection or obstruction

Question 12

What is the symptom of prostate cancer?

Answer 12

Nocturia

Question 13

Bye age 70, what % of men will have some sort if cancer of the prostate?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

What is endometriosis?

Answer 14

Part of the endometrium of the uterus escapes and implants itself on other organs resulting in abdominal pain during menses

Question 15

What is the age range where testicular cancer is most common?

Answer 15

15 to 34

Question 16

What are the two types of testicular cancer? What are the cure rates for each?

Answer 16

Seminoma > 95% cure rate

Germ cell > cure rate 65%

Question 17

What is the definition of acute renal failure?

Answer 17

GFR <10 mL/min

Question 18

What are the 3 types of acute renal failure?

Answer 18

Pre-renal> i.e. you bled too much, you will recover
Intrinsic renal disease > your kidney had a problem and then a second factor (infection) caused it to stop working
Obstructive (post renal)

Question 19

What are the 4 causes of pre-renal azotemia?

Answer 19

(1) hypovolemia > burns, hemorrhage, dehydration
(2) low cardiac output
(3) altered renal vascular resistance > decreased via sepsis or anaphylaxis; increased via drugs or cirrhosis
(4) hyper viscosity

Question 20

What are the six causes of intrinsic ARF?

Answer 20

(1) Renal artery or vein obstruction
(2) glomerulonephritis
(3) ischemia
(4) toxins: contrast, amino glycosides, chemo, antifreeze, Tylenol
(5) interstitial: allergic, infection, infiltrative
(6) graft rejection

Question 21

Where can post renal ARF occur? (3)

Answer 21

(1) ureter
(2) bladder neck
(3) urethra

Question 22

What is the definition of chronic renal failure?

Answer 22

When GRF decreases to less than 30mL/min

Question 23

What are the two main causes of CRF?

Answer 23

Diabetes and hypertension

Question 24

What are the two methods for renal renal replacement therapy?

Answer 24

(1) dialysis

(2) transplant

Question 25

A 37-year-old female was treated 1month ago for a UTI. She was given 5 days of macrodantin (antibiotic). After two days age developed a rash and cough. Her UTI symptoms improved. She stopped the medication. One month later she complains of Mid-back pain after baking 70 cupcakes for the soccer team.

Answer 25

She had a fever with a bladder infection > uncommon. 2 days of antibiotics is not enough treatment. Could be pyelonephritis or could be pain from baking 70 cupcakes