DEFINITIONS:1.1Chemical elements and biological compounds Flashcards
Inorganic
A molecule or ion that contains no more than one carbon atom
Dipole
A polar molecule, with a positive and negative charge, separated by a very small distance
Hydrogen bond
The weak attractive force between the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom in one molecule and the partial negative charge of another atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen.
Hydrolysis
The breaking down on large molecules into small molecules, by the addition of a molecule of water
Condensation reaction
Chemical process in which two small molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the elimination of a molecule of water
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C
Latent heat of vaporisation
The energy required to convert 1g of a liquid into vapour
Cohesion
The attraction of water molecules for each other, because of the dipole structure of water producing hydrogen bonds between them
Organic molecules
Molecules that have a high proportion of carbon atoms
Monosaccharide
An individual sugar molecule
Triose
A monosaccharide containing 3 carbon atoms
Pentose
A monosaccharide containing 5 carbon atoms
Hexose
A monosaccharide containing 6 carbon atoms
Isomers
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different (structural formulae)
arrangement of atoms
Biosensor
A device that combines a biomolecule, such as an enzyme, with a transducer, to produce an electric signal which measures the concentration of a chemical
