Definitions

Question 1

What is the relation between protein and enzyme

Answer 1

The enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts “ biocatalysts “

Question 2

What is the molecule that enzymes may act upon it ? And what is the result from that ?

Answer 2

The molecule that enzymes may act upon is called substrate —> the enzyme convert this substrate into different molecules known as products

Question 3

What are the six elements that make 99% of living cells mass ?

Answer 3

Carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , oxygen , calcium and phosphate , in addition to these elements human body require in small amount 18 element more !

Question 4

What are the four main classes of molecules in biochemistry

Answer 4

Carbohydrates , lipids , proteins and nucleic acids

Question 5

What are the principle biomolecules in the cells

Answer 5

Proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids

Question 6

The formation of biopolymers or “ dehydration synthesis “ ?

Answer 6

Are formed by condensation reactions in which water is removed from the reacting monomer units .

Question 7

What is the polymer chain of amino acid

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

Polysaccharide is a polymer chain from ?

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

Nucleotide is a polymer chain from ?

Answer 9

Nucleic acid

Question 10

What is the meaning of the term “ monomer “

Answer 10

The monomer is a small macromolecule

Question 11

What is the meaning of the term “ polymer “

Answer 11

The polymer is a large macromolecule composed of small macromolecule

Question 12

What is the process of dehydration synthesis

Answer 12

It is when monomers are linked together to synthesis a biological polymer

Question 13

Why proteins are often called polypeptides ?

Answer 13

Proteins are called polypeptides in reference to the fact that they are composed of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Question 14

What is the composition of peptide bonds

Answer 14

Peptide bond is a amide bond which are formed by the condensation of carboxyl group and amino group of the consecutive amino acids in the polymer chain

Question 15

The structure of a nucleic acid ?

Answer 15

Nucleic acid is composed of nucleotide and the nucleotide is composed of monosaccharide , a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate group !

Question 16

What is the primary building block of lipids

Answer 16

The primary building block of many lipid is a fatty acids and a polar functional group as glycerophospholipid —> contain two fatty acids glycerol and a polar head group .

Question 17

Branches of modern biochemistry

Answer 17

• descriptive biochemistry

- dynamic biochemistry

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

It is the sum of chemical reactions that take place within each cell and provide energy for vital processes for synthesizing new organic material

Question 19

Anabolism

Answer 19

It is the process of building large molecules from small molecules

Question 20

Catabolism

Answer 20

It is the process of breaking down large molecules into small molecules

Question 21

Give an example about anabolic process

Answer 21

• the process of protein synthesis/building from amino acids
  ( protein = macromolecule = polymer )
  ( amino acids = micromolecules = monomer )

Question 22

Give an example about catabolic process

Answer 22

Breaking down polysaccharides ( more then 10 sugars ) into oligosacharides ( from 3 to 10 sugars ) into monosaccharides ( just one sugars ) , which is the simplest type of carbohydrates .

Question 23

metabolic pathways

Answer 23

• Catabolic pathway “ fuel oxidative pathway “
• anabolic pathway “ biosynthetic pathway “
• fuel storage pathway
• waste disposal pathway

Question 24

All metabolic pathway is performed and regulated by ?

Answer 24

All metabolic pathways are performed by enzymes and co-enzymes and regulated by hormones !

Question 25

Tell me about macronutrients

Answer 25

They some carbohydrates proteins and lipids —> they are required in the human body in grams !

Question 26

Tell me about micronutrients

Answer 26

They some vitamins and minerals —> they required in the human body by micrograms