Deck Gear Flashcards
Name the four categories of deck gear
Standing rigging, running rigging, desk fittings, deck machinery
Which gear includes the rigging that supports masts or king posts?
a) Standing rigging
b) Running rigging
c) Deck fittings
d) Deck machinery
a) Standing rigging
What four things are included in standing rigging?
Shrouds, turnbuckles, stays and back stays
What gear includes the moving or movable parts used to hoist or operate gear (such as cargo runners, topping lifts and guy tackles?
Running rigging
What deck gear includes devices that are used to secure standing rigging, running rigging and mooring lines?
Deck fittings
These are heavy metal bed plates with two iron or steel posts. They are used on ships for securing mooring or towing lines. Usually there is a set forward and after each chock rigging, running rigging and mooring lines.
Bitts
These are heavy fittings secured to the deck. Lines are passed through them to bollards on the pier. Types of them include closed, open, roller and double roller
Chocks
These are metal fittings having two projecting horns. They are used for securing lines.
Cleats
These are fixtures welded to a deck or bulkhead. They have an eye to which lines or tackle are fastened and are used for securing or handling cargo.
Pad eyes
These are power-driven machines used to lift, low, or move cargo
Cargo winches
Winches are classified according to their
source of power
_________ winches are standard equipment on most vessel.
Electric
An electric winch has a steel base on which the ____ ______, _______, ______, _____, and _____ are mounted
winch drum, motor, gears, shafts and brakes
What has the cable of a cargo winch wrapped around it? These are usually smooth with flanged end.
winch drum
What kind of current usually drives the winch drugs electric motor
direct current
a winch drum is driven by ____ or _____ reduction gears
single or double
What is a special type of winch used to raise and lower the anchors and handle the forward mooring line.
The windlass
What part of a windlass is a steel casting in the form of a deeply grooved drum with projecting ribs?
wildcat
What are the projecting ribs on a wildcat called
whelps
What is the name for a vertically mounted winch head used aboard ship when mechanical power is required for raising the anchor, lifting heavy weights, or for any similar work.
Capstan
_____ ______ _______ is used to secure cargo while it is being raised or lowered by the ship’s gear
cargo handling gear
General purpose gear includes these 5 things
Endless slings Single slings Combination slings Chain slings Canvas slings
The ends of slings are usually made up into _____ either with or without
eyes. Thimbles
A sling is joined to another sling, hook or ring using ______ or _____
directly by eyes or shackles
________ in the eye of he sling by protect it from ship bends around pins, hooks, shackles, lines, rings and similar objects
Thimbles
Splicing the ends of a piece of wire or fiber rope makes an
endless sling
An endless sling is most commonly used as a
choker hitch
When an endless sling is used as a _____, it passed around the cargo forming a loop. The other end his passed through this loop, pulled tight and attached to the cargo hook.
choker
The endless slings may also be used as a ______ sling or a _____ sling
basket, vertical
Endless slings should not be used to lift ______ _____ such as ____, _____ and _____ because this items require canvas slings.
bagged cargo such as sugar, flour and cement
End end of a ______ sling is made up with an eye, hook, ring or thimble depending on the intended use of the sling.
single
What types of slings are made of fiber rope to prevent light cargo loads from being damaged by wire slings
single slings
_______ slings combine two or four single slings to form a bridle, basket or choker sling
Combination
Which slings are used mainly for handling steel rails, pipes, beams.
Chain slings
What is dunnage
loose wood, matting or similar material used to keep cargo in position in a ship’s hold. Also used between a chain sling and goods.
The iron in a chain sling will ____, ____, and ____ before it breaks, giving warning.
stretch, fracture and crystalize
A _____ ____ is a rope sling with a section of canvas sewn between the ropes.
canvas sling
The main type of canvas sling in use is the ___ ____
dirt slign
In commercial practice, canvas slings are used for handling cargo such as ______.
nitrate
Cargo nets are usually made of ___ ___, but nets of wire rope are used for special cargos
manila rope
The standard cargo net is _____ ft x ______ft with a ___ square mesh
14 ft by 14 ft with a 7 7/8 square mesh.
The manila rope used for cargo net meshes is usually ___ circumference manila rope
2.5 inches
The line around the circumference of the cargo net is made of __ __ circumference manila rope.
3 inch
The crushing effect of a cargo net may be reduced using a round ______ ______
“pie plate”.
Pie plates are constructed of
two dunnage layers.
Pie plates vary in diameter from
54 to 72 inchees
_______ ____ are constructed of two layers of dunnage nailed together. They are used the same way as a pie plate
Cargo boards
The three main types of pallets used in cargo handling are
the stevedore, general-purpose, and sled pallets.
Which pallet is reversible and is used to handle loose cargo at water terminals. They tend to be 4 ft wide, 6 ft long and 8 inches high with stringers made of 3 x 4 or 4 x4 lumber. The deck boards are made of lumber 2 inches thick
Stevedore.
Which pallet is a four-way-entry wood pallet, 48 inches long, 40 inches wide and about 5.5 inches high and is used mainly for the shipment of palletized cargo and often accompanies the cargo to delivery.
A general-purpose pallet.
Which pallet is a heavy timbered platform with runners. Supplies and equipment are normally dated to this pallet.
Sled pallet
What is the name of a device used to keep the side pressure of the sling legs away from the load being hoisted?
A spreader
Some commonly used spreaders include
Vehicle spreaders with wheel nets
heavy-lift spreaders
barrel sling spreaders
pallet bridle spreads
Which spreader is made of lengths of hardwood, pipe, or steel beams so it can strain pull on the sling and wheel nets while keeping pressure away from the sides of the vehicle being hoisted.
Vehicle spreader
Which spreader may be triangle, straight, or square. These are usually made of plate steel with holes for the shackles which hold the chime hooks. These are used so cargo handlers can hoist a number of drums at once.
Barrel sling spreaders
Which spreaders keep pressure away from the sides of the load and have straight types made of steel or hardwood.
Pallet brindle spreaders
What are long lengths of light line made fast to long items of cargo and heavy lifts for the purpose of controlling the swing of the load as it is being hoisted or lowered. These are essential to safe cargo operations.
Tag lines
Seven Simple Rules to Help Prolong the life of Cargo Handling Gear
Oil the wire rope slings periodically and they will last five times as long
Clean cargo handling gear regularly
Ensure manila rope slings are dry before storing to prevent mildew
Keep gear not in use in the gearbox or locker to prevent damage.
Know the safe working load of all gear.
Do not exceed the safe working load of the rigging or cargo handler
Never overload a sling and apply loads suddenly.
The rigging that supports masts of king posts is called
a) backstays
b) stays
c) running rigging
d) standing rigging
d) standing rigging
The devices that are used to secure standing rigging, running rigging, and mooring lines are called ______.
a) Dogs
b) Stays
c) Scuppers
d) Deck fittings
d) Deck fittings
Heavy fittings secured to the deck where lines pass through them to bollards on the pier?
a) Bits
b) Cleats
c) Chocks
d) Pad eyes
c) Chocks
The main body of the ship below the main outside desk is the
a) Athwartship
b) Keel
c) Hull
d) Ribs
c) Hull
Athwartship is a vessel leaning to ____
a) None of the above
b) Stern
c) One side
d) Bow
a) None of the above
The uppermost deck running from the bow to the stern’s called the _____.
a) Forecastle
b) Weather deck
c) Superstructure
d) Poop deck
b) Weather deck
All of the equipment used in anchoring is referred to collectively as
Ground tackle.
What four things are included in Ground Tackle
anchors
anchor cables or chain
connecting devices
anchor windlass
The anchor works like a
pickaxe. TheWhen the pick is driven into the group, it takes a great deal of force to pull it loose with a straight pull on the handle, but using the leverage of the handle pulling up will treat it free, so the pull on the anchor must be in line with the anchor, the more it pulls up the most likely it is to free that anchor
The primary function of an anchor is
to hold the ship against the current and the wind
The device used to shackle the anchor chain to the shank of the anchor is the
Ring (Shackle). The ring is secured to the top of the shank with a riveted pin.
The long center part of the anchor running between the ring and the crown is the
shank of the anchor
The rounded section of the anchor to which the shank is secured is called the
croqn
The shank is fitted to the crown with a ____ or ___ ___ ___ ___ that allows a movement from 30 to 45 degrees either way.
pivot or ball-and-socket joint
The inner curved part of the anchor arm where it joins the shank is the
Throat
The board shield part of the anchor that extends upward from the arms is the
Fluke or Palm
That part of the arm extending outward below the fluke of the anchor is called the
blade
The tip of the anchors palm or flukes is called the
Bill or pea
The three types of anchors used aboard most vessels are
the stockless, the lightweight and the mushroom
Many larger vessels also carry a
spare bow anchor and some carry a kedge anchor at the stern
Modern anchor chain is made of
die-lock chain with studs.
The size of the link is designated by its diameter, call
wire diameter
Standard anchor chain sizes ranges from
3/4 inch to 4 3/4 inches
Wire diameter is measured
at the end and a little above the centerline of the link.
The length of a standard links is ___ times its diameter and the width is ___ its diameter
6
3.6
All links are studded, which means
a solid piece if forged in the center of the link
Studs prevent the chain from
kinking and the links from pounding on adjacent links. They also stegnthen the chain up to 15 percent.
The lengths of chain that are connected to make up the ships’s anchor chains are called
shots
A standard shot is _____ ____ ___ long.
15 fathoms (90 feet) long.
Shots of anchor chain are going by a
detachable link.
A ____ ____ consists of a C-shape link with two coupling plates which form one side and the stud of the link. A taper pin holds the parts together and is locked in place at the large end by a lead plug.
detachable link
_______ _____ are used to attach the anchor to the chain
Bending shackles
There are furnished as a part of the outboard swivel shot to reduce kinking or twisting of the anchor chain
chain swivels
These consists of detachable links, swivel, end link, and bending shackle. T
Standard outboard swivel shots or bending shots.
standard outboard swivel shots or bending shows are _____ ____ long
6 1/2 fathoms
For the safety of every ship, personnel must know at all times the scope or how much anchor chain has been paid out. Toe make this information quickly available, a system of
chain markings is used
Marking a 15 fathoms (1 shot) chain
The detachable link is painted red, and one link on each side is painted white
Making a 30 fathoms (2 shot chain)
The detachable link is painted white, and the two lines on each side are painted white
45 fathoms (3 shot) stains is marked by
painting the detachable link blue and three links on each side white
60 fathoms (4) shot chains is marked by
the detachable link is painted red, and four links on each side are painted white
75 fathoms (5 shot) chain
The detachable link is painted white and the five links on each side are painted white
To alert you that you are running out of chain
paint each link in the next to last shot yellow
What color should you paint each link in the last shot
red
1 fathom is ____ feet
6
How many fathoms are in a shot of anchor chain
15 fathoms which is 90 feet
Wire marking scheme or how to cut yours hands into ribbons
1ST SHOT. One turn of wire on the first stud from each side of the detachable link.
2D SHOT Two turns of wire on the second stud from each side of the detachable link.
3D SHOT . Three turns of wire on the third stud from each side of the detachable link.
4th SHOT. Four turns of wire on the fourth stud on each side of the detachable link.
5th SHOT. Five turns of wire on the fifth stud on each side of the detachable link.
6th SHOT. Six turns of wire on the sixth stud on each side of the detachable link.
___ rope is commonly used on larger vessels for hosting applications and cargo handling on desk
Wire
___ ___ is metal in its strongest form
wire rope
what consists of a group of strands laid around a core.
Wire rope
The strands of a wire rope consist
of a number of individual wires laid about a central wire
____ ___ is actually a machine (not really) composed of a number of precise moving parts all designed with definite relation to one another
Wire rope
Wire rope is referred to wire or rope but never
line
Generally, a small number of large wires will be _____ ___ ____ and ___ ____ ____ than a large number of small wires
more abrasion resistant and less fatigue resistant
Wire rope with a ____ ___ is use when flexibility of the rope is important
fiber core
A fiber core may be a hard fiber such as
manila, plastic, paper or sisal.
Fiber corse does this three things to improve wire rope
increases flexibility
serves as a cushion agains sudden strain
acts as an oil reservoir to lubricate the wire and strand to reduce friction
Wire rope can be dangerous when cut or broken du to the
almost instaneous unlaying of the wires and strands
What erm refers to the direction of the twist of the wires in aa strand of wire rope and the direction the strands are laid in the rope
Lay
The five types of lay used in wire rope are
Right regular lay Left regular lay Right lang lay Left land lay Alternate lay
The wires in the stands are laid to the left, while the strands are laid to the right in what type lay of wire rope
Right regular lay
In what type of wire rope are the wires in the strands laid to the right, while the strands are laid to the left?
Left regular lay wire rope
In what lay of wire rope do the wires in the strand and the strands in the ropes are both laid to the right
Right Lang Lay
In what lay of wire rope are the wires in the strands and the strands in the rope both laid to the left?
Left lang lay
In which lay of wire ropes are the wires in one strand laid to the right, while the wires in the nearby strand are laid to the left, the wires in the next strand are laid to the right and so forth with alternate directions from one strand to the others, then all strands are laid to the right.
Alternate (reverse) lay wire rope
The primary types of wire rope used in the marine industry are
6x19: six strands with 19 wires in each strand which is the stiffest and strongest
6x37: six strands with 37 wires in each strand is more flexible to where sheaves are smaller than usual but due to the smaller wire size, it is less abrasion resistant than 6 x 19
Wore rope os designated by its ____ in inches
diameter
The safe working load (SWL) of wire rope is
the load which can be applied that allows the rope to provide efficient service and also prolong the life of the rope.
Can you downgrade the SWL of wire rope when it is old, worm or in poor conditions
No! Cut it up and discard it
Some of the common causes of wire rope failure are
Using incorrect size, construction or grade
dragging over obstacles
improper lubrication
operating over sheaves and drums of inadequate size
overriding or cross winding on drums
operating over sheaves and drums with improperly fitted grooves or broken flanges
Jumping off sheaves
Exposure to acid fumes
Improperly attached fittings
Grit between the strands
Severe or continuing overlad
Once a new real of wire rope has been opened, can it be coiled or faked down like line?
Tes!
The proper direction of coiling is _____________ for left lay wire rope and _____ for right lay wire rope
counterclockwise, clockwise
As a safeguard against kinking
NEVER unreal wire rope from a reel that is stationary
To uncoil a small coil of wire rope
stand the coil on edge and roll it along the ground like a wheel or hoop. Never lay the cold flat and uncoils it by pulling on the end because that can cause kinks or twists
The design arrangement of a strand of wire rope is called the
construction
The four most common strand contractions are
Ordinary, Seale, Warrington and Filler
What wire rope strand construction uses wires that are all the same size
Ordinary construction
What type of strand construction of wire rope puts larger diameter wires on the outside to resist abrasion dn smaller wires on the inside to provide flexility.
Seale constructiosn
What type of wire rope strand construction uses small wires to full in the valleys between the outer and inner rows of wires to provide good abrasion and fatigue resistance.
Filler construction
What kind of wire rope construction alternates larger and small wires to combine great flexibility with resistance to abrasion?
Warrington
A kink starts with the formation of a
loop. When the loop is pulled tight, the rope kinks
What is caused by sudden release of tension and the resulting rebound of wire rope
a birdcarch
What is caused by torsional imbalance from shock loading, improper seizing techniques and improper installation of wire.
Core protrustion
Who established standards for sheave sizes to be used with various rope contructions
wire rope manufacturers
The bitter end of an anchor chains is secured to
a pad eye in the chain lockers by a screw-pine anchor shackles.
The pad eye to chick a screw-pine anchor shackle is secured must be rather ____ times the breaking strength of the shackle
1.75 times
The strength of an anchor shackle must approximate the weight of
3oo fathoms of anchor chain hanging from the hawspipe.
What is a hawsepipe
the pipe passing through the bow section of a ship that the anchor chain passes through
A devils claw is used
to secure the anchor chain to the ship
To weigh the anchor you
Energize the windlass, engage the windlass, release the brake and test it’s operation
Then set. your brake, cast off the riding stopper and clear it from the gain
The anchor is now engaged, held by the brake and backed up by the housing stopper
The anchor windlass is installed on vessels primarily for handling and securing the
anchor and anchor chain
Windlasses are provides with _______ or ____ which are used to handling mooring lines when docking and undocking
capstans or catheads
There are two general types of windlasses installed aboard vessels
the horizontal shaft windlass and the vertical shaft windlass
Which type os windlass is usually self-contained, with the windlass and windlass motor mounted on the same bedplate. It handles both the port and starboard anchors and is found aboard large vessels
the horizontal shaft windless
What type of windlass is found tugs and barges, where the power sources is located below deck with only the wildcat and capstan showing above deck. This type of windlass can handle only one acnhow
vertical shaft windlass
What heave steel plat is “dogged down” by butterfly nuts when a vessel is at see and covers the hawsepipe opening on desk to prevent water from rushing up the hawsepipe and sailing on deck
Buckler plates
A metal fairlead for the anchor chain, it prevents the chain from fowling on deck and also holds the riding pawl
the riding chock
A safety stopper that works like a rocket on the lines of the chain. It is lift up to the “open” position when the anchor chain is rune out and closed when the chain is heaved in or is dropped in the after side of the riding chock. If a wildcat jumps out of gear, this will catch on a link of the anchor chain to keep it from running out
riding pawl
A turnbuckle inserted in a short section of chain with a pelican hook or a devil’s claw attached to one end and shackle to the other end. It is screwed at the base of the windlass. In operation, the devil’s claws are used when the vessel is setting out to sea. The claws are put on a link of the chain and the turnbuckle is set up, acting as a permanent stopper. On some ships, a pelican hook is used.
Chain stopper
a sprocketed wheel in the windlass with indentations for the links of the anchor chains. When engages it hauls in or pays out the anchor chain. When disengage it tuned freely leving the friction brake to control the chain
wildcat
A band which bears on a flywheel. By tightening up on the band by means of a brake handle, the wildcat can be controlled
Friction brake
A device with pigeonholes into which a bar is place to lock the wildcat to the hoisting gear of the engine. It is usually turned forward to disengage the wildcat and aft to engage it.On the capstan the wildcat is engaged or disengaged by turning the capstan barrel cover.
Locking ring
