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Medicine > Day 2 Review Questions > Flashcards

Day 2 Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is CAD?

A

Coronary artery disease

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2
Q

What other past histories would suggest that a pt has a PMHx of CAD?

A

MI, CABG, cardiac stents, angioplasty, angina

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3
Q

Does a PMHx of a stroke mean you have CAD?

A

No

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4
Q

What is an MI?

A

Myocardial infarction. Heart attack

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for an MI?

A

CAD, HTN, DM, smoker, dyslipidemia, FHx of CAD <55yo

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6
Q

What would be the CC of someone with an MI?

A

Chest pain or pressure

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7
Q

What are associated symptoms of an MI?

A

SOB, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting

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8
Q

What are 2 ways an MI can be diagnosed?

A

EKG, elevated troponin

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9
Q

What is CHF?

A

Congestive heart failure

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10
Q

What could be a CC of a person with CHF?

A

Shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, DOE

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11
Q

What are some associated symptoms for CHF?

A

Pedal edema, JVD

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12
Q

What 2 studies would diagnose CHF?

A

CXR or elevated BNP

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13
Q

What is Afib?

A

Atrial fibrillation.

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14
Q

What might someone feel with Afib?

A

Palpitations

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15
Q

How is Afib diagnosed?

A

EKG

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16
Q

Is someone has a PMHx of Afib or CHF, does that mean they also have CAD?

A

No.

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17
Q

What is PE?

A

Pulmonary embolism or physical exam

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18
Q

What could be the CC of someone with a PE?

A

Chest pain, SOB

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19
Q

What are risk factors for a PE?

A

DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, smoking, cancer, BCP, FHx, pregnancy, immobility, recent surgery

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20
Q

What study would diagnose PE?

A

CTA Chest or VQ scan

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21
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Collapsed lung

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of a PTX

A

Trauma

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23
Q

How is a PTX diagnosed?

A

CXR

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24
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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25
Q

What social history will most COPD patients also have?

A

Smoking

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26
Q

What is asthma?

A

Bronchospasm constricting the airway

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27
Q

What physical exam finding closely associates with asthma?

A

Wheezing

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28
Q

What is PNA?

A

Pneumonia

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29
Q

What might a person with PNA complain of?

A

SOB, productive cough with fever, cough with sputum, chest pain

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30
Q

How is PNA diagnosed?

A

CXR

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31
Q

What are the 7 areas of the abdomen?

A

Epigastrium, periumbilical, suprapubic, RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

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32
Q

What is the laymen’s term for GERD?

A

Acid reflux

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33
Q

What might someone with GERD complain of?

A

Burning epigastric pain that is improved with antacids.

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34
Q

What else might we have to r/o with GERD?

A

MI or other cardiac diagnoses

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35
Q

What does bile do and where is it stored?

A

It breaks down fats and is stored in the gallbladder.

36
Q

What is the difference between cholelithiasis and cholecystitis?

A

The first is gallstones and the second is inflammation of the gallbladder.

37
Q

What might be the chief complaint of a person with gallstones?

A

RUQ pain after eating a fatty meal.

38
Q

He are gallstones diagnosed?

A

Abdominal US, ruq

39
Q

What might a person with appendicitis complain of?

A

RLQ pain. Gradual onset, constant pain worsened with movement.

40
Q

What are associated symptoms of appendicitis?

A

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting

41
Q

How is appendicitis diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

42
Q

What would someone with pancreatitis complain of?

A

LUQ, epigastric pain

43
Q

How is pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

Elevated lipase

44
Q

Name four possible CCs for a GI bleed.

A

Hematemesis, coffee ground emetics, hematochezia, melena

45
Q

How is a GI bleed diagnosed in the ED?

A

Heme positive or Guaiac positive stool

46
Q

What are we worried about for someone with a GI bleed?

A

Anemia

47
Q

What is the pre-existing condition you must have before you can get diverticulitis?

A

Diverticulosis

48
Q

What will be the CC for someone with diverticulitis?

A

LLQ pain

49
Q

What studies would diagnose diverticulitis?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

50
Q

What is an SBO?

A

Small bowel obstruction

51
Q

What might a person with an SBO complain of?

A

Abd pain, vomiting

Distention, bloating, no BMs, small amounts of diarrhea

52
Q

How is a SBO diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

53
Q

What is a UTI?

A

Urinary tract infection

54
Q

What is pyelo?

A

Pyelonephritis

55
Q

What will be the CC of someone with a UTI?

A

Dysuria

56
Q

What pain would suggest pyelo?

A

Flank pain

57
Q

How is a UTI diagnosed?

A

Urine dip or unrinalysis

58
Q

War might someone with kidney stones complain of?

A

Flank pain, sudden onset, radiating to groin

59
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

A pregnancy outside the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tubes.

60
Q

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

A

US pelvis

61
Q

What is ovarian torsion?

A

The ovarian arteries get twisted reducing the blood flow to the ovaries..

62
Q

How is ovarian torsion diagnosed?

A

US pelvis

63
Q

How is testicular torsion diagnosed?

A

US scrotum

64
Q

What are the two types of CVA

A

Hemorrhagic and ischemic

65
Q

What sx might a person with a brain bleed complain of?

A

Sudden onset headache. Thunderclap or worst of life headache.

66
Q

What study would diagnose a brain bleed?

A

LP or CT head

67
Q

What sx might a person with a ischemic CVA complain of?

A

Unilateral focal neurological deficits, one sided weakness/numbness or changes in vision speech

68
Q

How is an ischemic CVA diagnosed?

A

Clinically, potentially normal CT head

69
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient ischemic attack

70
Q

He does a TIA differ from a CVA?

A

With a TIA Neurological function is regained with time. Usually lasts less than an hour.

71
Q

What is a common cause for seizures in children?

A

Fever, especially sudden spike.

72
Q

What is the name of the state after a seizure?

A

Post-ictal

73
Q

What are three symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever, headache, neck stiffness, neck pain, AMS

74
Q

What study would diagnose meningitis?

A

LP

75
Q

What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes?

A

What happened prior, during and after the episode as well as how the pt feels now.

76
Q

What are four causes of AMS?

A

diabetes, dementia, EtOH, drug use, UTI in elderly pt,

77
Q

How is AMS different from a focal neuro deficit?

A

FND occurs on one side of the body or to a specific systems while AMS happens to the whole body.

78
Q

What is a DVT?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

79
Q

What are the risk factors for a DVT?

A

PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, recent surgery, cancer, immobility, pregnancy, BCP, smoking, LE trauma, LE casts

80
Q

What are common signs of a DVT?

A

Extremity pain and swelling, usually in a lower extremity, calf tenderness,

81
Q

What is an AAA?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

82
Q

What is an aortic dissection?

A

Where the aorta pulls away from the abdominal wall

83
Q

What are three symptoms of cellulitis?

A

Red, swollen and sometimes warm area of skin

84
Q

How is an abscess different from cellulitis?

A

Pus pocket

85
Q

What is the name of the procedure that will be performed for every abscess?

A

Incision and drainage

86
Q

What is the main concern with an allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylactic shock, the airway closing, respiratory failure

87
Q

What are the only three symptoms of a true allergic reaction?

A

Rash, itching, swelling

Medicine (7 decks)

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