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3 TSY 23-24 > Data Viz SA3 > Flashcards

Data Viz SA3 Flashcards

1
Q

With most meetings done remotely nowadays, the challenge really is keeping your audience interested.

A

Human Element

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2
Q

How you convey the information - regardless of medium - is critical to your audience understanding your presentation

A

Human Element

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3
Q

With most meetings done remotely nowadays, the challenge really is keeping your audience interested. How you convey the information - regardless of medium - is critical to your audience understanding your presentation

A

Human Element

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4
Q

3 Factors of Human Element

A

Voice
Words
Body Language

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5
Q

With most meetings done remotely nowadays, the challenge really is keeping your _______ interested. How you ____ the information - regardless of medium - is critical to your audience understanding your presentation

A

audience, convey

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6
Q

When we go over the notes on our own, we still try to remember the way the speaker spoke or how they moved during their talk. This is how they convey the _______

A

essence of the presentation

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7
Q

During a presentation, anyone in the audience will focus about ___ of the time on the speaker’s movements. About _____ to their tone, and about _______ to what they’re saying

A

55.%, 38%, 7%

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8
Q

We are more interested in ______, rather than ______

A

how they say it, what they are saying

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9
Q

The audience can only understand what they ______. Aside from your charts and graphs, you are _____ on. We’ll go through the physicality of your presentation. Starting with your voice, body, skills, language, and personality

A

hear and see, what they will focus

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10
Q

The audience can only understand what they hear and see. Aside from your charts and graphs, you are what they will focus on. We’ll go through the physicality of your presentation. Starting with your _________

A

voice, body, skills, language, and personality

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11
Q

1ST P in PAMPRS

A

Project your voice

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12
Q

A in PAMPRS

A

Articulation

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13
Q

M in PAMPRS

A

Modulation

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14
Q

2ND P in PAMPRS

A

Pronunciation

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15
Q

R in PAMPRS

A

Repetition

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16
Q

S in PAMPRS

A

Speed

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17
Q

even with a microphone, you should impart that confidence, and command the audience

A

Project Your Voice

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18
Q

You have to understand clearly, and how you get your point across is important

A

Articulation

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19
Q

How loud or soft your voice should be very deliberate

A

Modulation

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20
Q

Be sure that you use words you’re confidence to use, so that the audience can hear you clearly. It should be more exaggerated than in normal speech

A

Pronunciation

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21
Q

Look back to your central topic, it helps to ground the discussion

A

Repetition

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22
Q

Switch speeds appropriately, to break monotony of a captive audience. In the end you should know when to speak faster (slower speech is clearer by the way). When to slow down and know when to pause

A

Speed

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23
Q

Switch speeds appropriately, to break monotony of a captive audience. In the end you should know when to speak faster (________ by the way). When to slow down and know when to pause

A

slower speech is clearer

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24
Q

Your ________ play the most important role during a presentation, It can be more valued than the content because your actions are what the audience actually ______

A

body language and non-verbal movements, SEES

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25
Q

In a presentation, the _____ of the speaker matters

A

appearance

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26
Q

Standing in front of an audience, speakers are expected to be in their _______

A

proper decorum

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27
Q

They must wear appropriate attire that is _______

A

clean, tidy, and comfortable

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28
Q

Appearance also includes your ______

A

smile, keeping eye contact, and body language, including gestures and posture.

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29
Q

________ work hand in hand

A

Dress Code and Body Language

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30
Q

Remember to be _____

A

aware

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31
Q

_______. While keeping your back to ______, try not to be tense. Your audience will feel the same if you hunch your back

A

Be and look relaxed, straight and your shoulders square

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32
Q

Always know where your ______ are

A

hands and feet

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33
Q

Once you’re in front, you will still have to ______ and keep it

A

gain attention

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34
Q

One way to attract is by having _______

A

positive body language

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35
Q

Your audience will decide immediately if they _______

A

want to listen or not

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36
Q

Remember to _______, not just the ones in front, through _____

A

engage your whole audience, eye-contact and facial expressions

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37
Q

Common Mistakes:

A

Taking their eyes off their listeners. Hiding from their listeners

Folding arms and crossing legs. Chewing gum or anything else that inhibits speaking clearly

Other gestures could be mistaken for being rude or showing disinterest, even impatience and should be avoided

If needed, you can excuse yourself before or after your segment. Avoid pointing their marker/pointer or finger at anyone

Avoid tapping your fingers
Avoid leaning back in the chair and yawning
Avoid Hands in your pockets

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38
Q

Taking their eyes off their listeners. Hiding from their listeners

A

Common Mistakes:

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39
Q

Folding arms and crossing legs. Chewing gum or anything else that inhibits speaking clearly

A

Common Mistakes:

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40
Q

Other gestures could be mistaken for being rude or showing disinterest, even impatience and should be avoided

A

Common Mistakes:

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41
Q

If needed, you can excuse yourself before or after your segment. Avoid pointing their marker/pointer or finger at anyone

A

Common Mistakes:

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42
Q

tapping your fingers

A

Common Mistakes:

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43
Q

leaning back in the chair and yawning

A

Common Mistakes:

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44
Q

Hands in your pockets

A

Common Mistakes:

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45
Q

Other gestures could be mistaken for being rude or showing disinterest, even ______ and should be avoided

A

impatience

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46
Q

10 Steps to Improve Your Body Language

A

Don’t cross your arms or legs
Have eye contact, but don’t stare
Relax your shoulders
Nod when they are talking
Sit up straight
Smile
Don’t touch your face
Don’t stand too close
Don’t put your hands in your pocket
Don’t look at your watch

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47
Q

_______ are special skills that a speaker must carry when facing the audience

A

Active Listening and Questioning

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48
Q

_______ is taking notice of what the audience says - the side comments in particular.

A

Active Listening

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49
Q

Active Listening is taking notice of what the audience says - the side comments in particular. Try to listen to ______ messages and respond appropriately

A

verbal and non-verbal

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50
Q

Alongside listening, _______. you can also ask questions: So that the audience offers to find out

A

anticipate likely questions

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51
Q

_______ not only deals with that part of speech but also how you talk to the audience. When sharing _______, be sure that the audience understands it

A

Language, technical data

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52
Q

Another thing we miss often is how we respond to ______

A

comment and questions

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53
Q

Make sure that your _______ help make the audience listen, and not distract them more from listening. Find your own _____ and you’ll be fine

A

Humor, Habits, Fashion, and Passion, natural rhythm

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54
Q

“Laughing at our mistakes can lengthen our own life. Laughing at someone else’s can shorten it.”

A

Cullen Hightower

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55
Q

Human Element Factors

A

Posture
Intonation
Purposeful Movement
Enthusiasm
Image/Appearance
Facial Expressions
Confident Language
Pausing
Eye Contact
Speaking Rate
Gestures
Non-words (ah, um)
Up talk (pitch rises)
Q&A Control

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56
Q

Before, During, and After:

A

Venue Familiarization
Logistics of the Venue
Change seating layout according to your style

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57
Q

A good presenter will prepare for and, if possible, control the logistics of the meeting at which they present

A

Venue Familiarization
Logistics of the Venue

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58
Q

It would be helpful to consider: Date and Time of your presentation, the Room Environment, the Equipment you’ll use vs. the equipment available, Learning and Visual Aids

A

Venue Familiarization
Logistics of the Venue

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59
Q

Before a presentation, it is best to familiarize yourself with the venue

A

Venue Familiarization

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60
Q

It is sometimes possible to change the seating layout to suit your style of presentation

A

Change seating layout according to your style

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61
Q

Little things add up and it would be best to check the logistics of the venue

A

Logistics of the Venue

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62
Q

A good presenter will prepare for and, if possible, control the _____ of the meeting at which they present

A

logistics

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63
Q

Know Your Audiences:

A

Background and experience
Expectations
Age and Language
Gender

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64
Q

During a Presentation, _______ are supposed to help you

A

Learning Aids and Visual aids

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65
Q

Make sure that all Learning Aids and learning activities are aligned to your objectives. It could be ______ of the presentation itself

A

stories, handouts, activities, or the environment

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66
Q

Visual aids are _____, they are not the ____. They should reinforce what you say

A

tools, story

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67
Q

Avoid ____ to the visual aid as if you were simply translating what was on screen to you audience. This is where ____ can be the most beneficial

A

talking, rehearsing

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68
Q

After a Presentation, it would be helpful to gather ____

A

Feedback

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69
Q

______ is always important in analyzing your own performance

A

Feedback

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70
Q

Gather as much as you can after every presentation. This will help you develop your ______

A

skills and style

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71
Q

Writer ________, mentions in his book, ________, ideas about an eloquent framework used in making ethical, data-oriented conclusions and difficulties faced in creating data stories

A

Nicholas Diakopoulos, Data-Driven Storytelling

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72
Q

In this book, he also touched on different ______ of a data storyteller

A

ethical commitments

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73
Q

_______ can be generally an important guide ina applying ethical behaviors

A

Principles

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74
Q

______ play a vital role in an individual’s behavior

A

Coherent and well-defined principles

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75
Q

Principles in Data Storytelling Ethics

A

Seek truth and report it as fully as possible
Be transparent
Engage community as an end rather than as means

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76
Q

There are many reasons that cause misleading or deceiving visualization.

A

Seek truth and report it as fully as possible

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77
Q

_______ can happen at any stage: in its acquisition, annotation, aggregation, normalization or maybe when it is encoded, filtered, or converted

A

Misinterpreting data

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78
Q

Be diligent enough to seek the truth behind the datasets and processes used in deriving a certain visualization. Keep in mind when you tell data stories, it should be the truth, no matter how bad it may seem. It must be reported as fully as possible, because a wrong interpretation may lead to wrong decisions

A

Seek truth and report it as fully as possible

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79
Q

Transparency allows the listener to follow your process.

A

Be transparent

80
Q

____ allows the listener to follow your process. ______ may arise from the same dataset, but it’s deemed important that these visualizations can be directed to a traceable, rational process of derivation

A

Transparency, Multiple interpretations

81
Q

Multiple interpretations may arise from the same dataset, but it’s deemed important that these visualizations can be directed to a _______

A

traceable, rational process of derivation

82
Q

Sadly, most would extract personal detail, much like paper survey, devoid of empathy

A

Engage community as an end rather than as means

83
Q

Data Acquisitions:

A

Provenance
Quantification
Normalization
Aggregation
Algorithmic Derivation
Filtering

84
Q

Before using any data, figure out its intent and purpose. It would be crucial to know who provided it, and their motive behind it

A

Provenance

85
Q

Know the extent of its _______ .Begin with reviewing citations and references

A

transparency, completeness, timeliness, accuracy, and truthfulness.

86
Q

Know the extent of its transparency, completeness, timeliness, accuracy, and truthfulness. Begin with reviewing citations and references

A

Provenance

87
Q

Begin with reviewing citations and preferences. Don’t forget to consider _____. make sure the data from a reputable source

A

data privacy and security

88
Q

Begin with reviewing citations and preferences. Don’t forget to consider data privacy and security. make sure the data from a reputable source

A

Provenance

89
Q

Quantification:

A

Are the measurements used correctly?
How is the data measured and sampled?
How are the measurements defined?
Is the data meant for representing reality or for justifying in a story?

90
Q

Next time you think of setting up ______, try to consider also exploring the datasets as a whole, and if there’s something you find out, think of transparency first.

A

measurement criteria

91
Q

Next time you think of setting up measurement criteria, try to consider also exploring the datasets as a whole, and if there’s something you find out, think of transparency first.

A

Quantification

92
Q

______ shouldn’t always be applied. If it is done, let the end-users know and decide, give them the freedom to see the data without ______

A

Normalizations

93
Q

This may affect insights and reduce the clarity of what they need to know

A

Normalization

94
Q

_______ of Data that is derived through mathematical operations or combinations

A

Aggregation

95
Q

Aggregation - Though this is a normal procedure done when transforming data into insight, it is recommended to remember the following:

A

For comparison purposes, see that there’s consistency in the form of aggregation to be applied to any data
For different types of data, it is vital to ensure that the definitions are compatible to make it meaningful and easy to interpret

96
Q

For ______, see that there’s ______ in the form of aggregation to be applied to any data

A

comparison purposes, consistency

97
Q

For ______, it is vital to ensure that the definitions are ______ to make it meaningful and easy to interpret

A

different types of data, compatible

98
Q

Sophisticated algorithms are sometimes used to derive data

A

Algorithmic Derivation

99
Q

_____ are sometimes used to derive data

A

Sophisticated algorithms

100
Q

Errors or uncertainties in the data should be clearly communicated and introduced to the end-users to incorporate margins

A

Algorithmic Derivation

101
Q

This would have a large adverse effect if the errors are compounded, if your data is referenced later on

A

Algorithmic Derivation

102
Q

______ in data filtering is surely unethical

A

Intentional cherry-picking

103
Q

Intentional cherry-picking in data filtering is surely unethical

A

Filtering

104
Q

________ may also unintentionally lead to cherry-picking therefore should be done with care

A

Filtering or cropping data

105
Q

Selecting data to display what supports an opinion is unethical, but even unintentional filtering of data that form vital context or comparison for non-filtered data could be misleading

A

Filtering

106
Q

Always ask yourself, has the significance of the data been ______? If yes, then go back to the list of ethical considerations

A

altered due to filtering

107
Q

Data Privacy and information security play an important role and consideration in _____

A

Anonymization

108
Q

______ play an important role and consideration in Anonymization

A

Data Privacy and information security

109
Q

Any information pertaining to personal identification, names, addresses, and emails for example are a few of those that need to be ________

A

anonymized in lieu of the privacy act

110
Q

______ can be useful in protecting identified individuals by filtering the dataset prior to and after transforming them

A

Anonymization

111
Q

Though in some cases, you may need to replace the anonymized data with a proxy to maintain the ______ of aggregation or visual presentation

A

granularity

112
Q

There are four insights that should be considered in delivering an ethical data story:

A

Visual Mapping and Representation
Implied Relationships
Context and Annotation
Interactivity

113
Q

There are four insights that should be considered in delivering an ethical data story

A

Conveying and Selecting Insights

114
Q

“The world cannot be understood without numbers. But the world cannot be understood with numbers alone.” - _____

A

Hans Rosling

115
Q

“A talk without a _____ is a wooly mess”

A

structure

116
Q

A presentation requires a _______ with a beginning middle, and end that is ______ to connect to the audience and for them to understand

A

logical sequence, well-paced

117
Q

The speaker must be careful not to lose the audience by not _______ of the presentation

A

wandering from the point

118
Q

It has to follow a _____ to assure the audience stays focused on why they were there in the first place. Without ____, things can get messy pretty quick

A

rigid structure, structure

119
Q

The Parts of the Structure are:

A

Opening
Body
Closing

120
Q

The Law of Three’s

A

Methodology

121
Q

Make sure you have a solid introduction. You should rehearse this very well

A

Opening

122
Q

Tell them what are you going to tell them

A

Opening

123
Q

4-7 seconds

A

Opening

124
Q

You can begin with a short introduction of yourself, project some confidence in the room.

A

Opening

125
Q

This is the time you invite your audience to be comfortable. Your audience will sense fear, doubt, and discomfort.

A

Opening

126
Q

During an opening, you should be able to:

A

Welcome your audience
Make a good first impression
Give a preview
Get their attention
Give instructions about questions
Transition to the body

127
Q

A few quick tips to remember in doing an opening:

A

Engage your audience
Don’t start with a joke
Don’t start with an apology
Start on time

128
Q

This is best done by carefully crafting your opening line much like a fishing hook. It should capture their attention, not just surprise them, but make them bite

A

Engage your audience

129
Q

You then transition to the body by completing the opening with a good line, again like fishing, while you pull them in

A

Engage your audience

130
Q

Unless you are supremely confident. _____are high-risk at the best of times, let alone at the start of a presentation. Of course, nowadays, with online meetings and remote work, timing is everything. Even lag may affect how you deliver your ____

A

Don’t start with a joke

131
Q

Unless you’ve really made a serious error, or it’s part of an intentional humorous device - in that case see that previous point on jokes

A

Don’t start with an apology

132
Q

Your _____ can make people feel uncomfortable, even lose interest in the topic you were there to talk about

A

Don’t start with an apology

133
Q

You prepared enough for that moment and this delay could seriously undermine your confidence. It is also respectful to those who were there on time

A

Start on time

134
Q

You may lose more audience to waiting for others

A

Start on time

135
Q

Keep in mind, people listen to people they like. So, at the beginning you have to make them feel _____

A

relaxed and interested

136
Q

You can start strong with ____ to get their attention and make them think

A

statistics

137
Q

Even if you have a captive audience, you don’t want them to remain captives with nowhere else to go, rather, you want them to _____

A

participate

138
Q

Help them set their _____. ______ the structure of your presentation at the beginning, which should include a _____

A

expectations, Outline, topic introduction

139
Q

Be ____ at the beginning so that you can bring the audience along on your presentation

A

clear

140
Q

Define ____ so they aren’t lost in the presentation

A

key terms

141
Q

The ____ consists of your main points and all of your sub-points.

A

body

142
Q

It provides the actual information, details, and evidence to support your main idea or topic

A

body

143
Q

Parts of Body

A

Well structured
Follow a logical order
Use appropriate visuals

144
Q

The body does not differ that much between ______. Usually, there are several sections in the body, each corresponding to point in the outline

A

oral and in writing form

145
Q

The body of the presentation must of course present _____

A

fact, reference to authority or experts

146
Q

Use each heading to develop key points. You may ask yourself: “________?” or “________”

A

What is the main point I want to make
What facts support this point

147
Q

To personalize this further, you could relate ______. One thing you can add to your presentation is signposting

A

personal experiences or provide vivid descriptions

148
Q

You can use a ______ to represent an idea, a product, a service, etc.

A

signpost

149
Q

_______ also helps your audience to know where they are, what the structure of the presentation is or what is coming next

A

Signposting

150
Q

Signposting examples

A

graphs, tables, charts, and other supporting references may be included for analysis

151
Q

This is where argument is developed in a logical structure. You can include _____, as is your purpose of the presentation

A

claims or assumptions

152
Q

The trick in writing the body is to remind your reader of the _____ without the need to conclude every paragraph with a summary, instead, aim for a smooth transition

A

general argument

153
Q

Each paragraph should make just _____. Remember to start a new paragraph for every different aspect of the same point

A

one point

154
Q

A good presentation starts strong and should end strong. Remember you are the one who needs to convince your audience

A

Closing

155
Q

The conclusion should ____ the main points of your presentation, ______, and leave an ______.

A

summarize
provide closure
impression

156
Q

You can ask your audience for questions before you close - this continues their engagement

A

Closing

157
Q

When you do finally close, you have to ______ - get them to act. To help make your conclusion more memorable, you might consider using the same cues you used in the introduction

A

assert your argument

158
Q

Formats of Structure

A

Sequential Argument
Hierarchical Decomposition
Question Oriented
Inverted Pyramid
Meaty Sandwich

159
Q

consists of linked statements leading to a conclusion

A

Sequential Argument

160
Q

However, this simplicity can only be achieved by careful and a deliberate transition between each section

A

Sequential Argument

161
Q

It can follow sequences like chronology, location, or assembly.

A

Sequential Argument

162
Q

This is normally used in presenting step-by-step instructions.

A

Sequential Argument

163
Q

his is commonly seen on bogs or tutorials, where the creator shares and follows a recipe

A

Sequential Argument

164
Q

the main topic is broken down into subtopics until eventually everything is broken down into basic units. This is a very powerful technique to discuss in detail

A

Hierarchical Decomposition

165
Q

One drawback is your audience can get lost in all that detail

A

Hierarchical Decomposition

166
Q

this is best used in a brainstorming session or a board resolution meeting

A

Question Oriented

167
Q

a newspaper story format

A

Inverted Pyramid

168
Q

In a newspaper, the story is introduced in its entirety in a catchy first paragraph. The next few paragraphs repeat the same information only giving further details to each point. This is repeated until the reporter runs out of the story. The editor then simply decides newsworthiness of the report. They can cut the story to fit the available number of columns

A

Inverted Pyramid

169
Q

Increase the audience’s receptiveness to the main ideas. Since at every stage of the pyramid they become familiar with the story, they already know what to expect

A

Advantages of Inverted Pyramid

170
Q

Blogs can also use this type of structure

A

Advantages of Inverted Pyramid

171
Q

Duration. It can be easily altered by cutting the talk in exactly the same way as the editor might have done to the news story. This degree of flexibility is useful if the same presentation will be used several times for different audiences

A

Advantages of Inverted Pyramid

172
Q

it is the simplest and most direct approach

A

Meaty Sandwich

173
Q

The simple beginning-middle-end, in which the meat of the exposition is contained in the middle. This is preceded by an introduction, then followed by a conclusion

A

Meaty Sandwich

174
Q

If the topic is short or simple enough, the meaty sandwich can be the most direct way of presenting it. This can also be applied in developing subtopics further

A

Meaty Sandwich

175
Q

Keep things simple and direct

A

yes

176
Q

Which of the following can be represented by using signposting?

Group of answer choices

Product

Idea

Service

All of the above

A

All of the above

177
Q

What is a characteristic of a good presenter in terms of meeting logistics?

Group of answer choices

Delegating all logistical responsibilities to others during the presentation.

Ignoring the logistics and focusing solely on content delivery.

Relying solely on spontaneous improvisation during the meeting.

Preparing for and attempting to manage the logistics of the meeting.

A

Preparing for and attempting to manage the logistics of the meeting.

178
Q

How many seconds does a speaker have to make a positive impact and a good opening impression?

Group of answer choices

1-3 seconds

8-10 seconds

4-7 seconds

11-15 seconds

A

4-7 seconds

179
Q

What role do feedback and critique play in speaker’s skill and style development?

Group of answer choices

They assist in improving skills and refining style.

They have no impact on skill and style development.

They are irrelevant to skill and style enhancement.

They help to know who should be avoided.

A

They assist in improving skills and refining style.

180
Q

Which of the following plays the most important role during a presentation?

Group of answer choices

Your attire

Your voice

Your body language

Your words

A

Your body language

181
Q

Which of the following should the speakers do while having a presentation?

Group of answer choices

Folding arms and crossing legs

Taking your eyes off your listeners

Looking at the eyes of your audience

Putting something between you and your listeners

A

Looking at the eyes of your audience

182
Q

Which of the following provides the actual information, details, and evidence to support your main idea or topic?

Group of answer choices

Opening

Body

Closing

A

Body

183
Q

What to remember during a presentation?

Group of answer choices

Your body language and non-verbal movements can be more valued than the content because your actions are what the audience actually sees.

The audience can only understand what they hear and see.

Once you’re in front, you will still have to gain attention and keep it.

All of the above.

A

All of the above.

184
Q

Which part of the presentation you have to assert your argument and get them to act?

Group of answer choices

Closing

Opening

Body

A

Closing

185
Q

Which of the following structures in building stories is commonly seen on blogs or tutorials, where the content creator shares and follows a recipe.

Question Oriented

Hierarchical Decomposition

Sequential Argument

Inverted Pyramid

A

Sequential Argument

186
Q

Which of the following is NOT a principle in data storytelling ethics?

Group of answer choices

Manipulating data to fit preconceived narratives is acceptable practice.

Be transparent

Engage community as an end, rather than as a means

Seek truth and report it as fully as possible

A

Manipulating data to fit preconceived narratives is acceptable practice.

187
Q

In preparing for the presentation, what you should know about your audience?

Group of answer choices

Expectations

Age and language

Background and experience

All of the above.

A

All of the above.

188
Q

Without this component of a good presentation, things can quickly become disorganized.

Group of answer choices

Content

Structure

Human Element

Packaging

A

Structure

189
Q

Which of the following are called The Law of Three’s?

Group of answer choices

Time, cost, and scope

Content, structure, and human element

Storytelling, visualization, and communication

Opening, body, and closing

A

Opening, body, and closing

190
Q

Which approach emphasizes the ethical treatment of individuals represented in data storytelling?

Group of answer choices

Individuals portrayed in data should be seen purely as data points, not as people.

It is acceptable to exploit individuals’ data for storytelling purposes without considering their humanity.

Data representation should prioritize the story’s impact over respect for individuals.

Individuals who represent data should be treated with humanity and respect, not just as sources of a story.

A

Individuals who represent data should be treated with humanity and respect, not just as sources of a story.

191
Q

Which of the following should be done when starting a presentation?

Group of answer choices

Engage your audience

None of the above

Start with an apology

Start with a joke

A

Engage your audience

192
Q

How should learning and visual aids be utilized in presentations?

Group of answer choices

They are merely supplementary and unnecessary.

They should reinforce what you say.

They should replace verbal communication entirely.

They should overshadow the spoken content.

A

They should reinforce what you say.

193
Q

Which of the following structures in building stories is best used in a brainstorming session or a board resolution meeting?

Group of answer choices

Inverted Pyramid

Question Oriented

Sequential Argument

Hierarchical Decomposition

A

Question Oriented

194
Q

What is the trick in writing the body of your presentation?

Group of answer choices

Conclude each paragraph with a summary to reinforce the argument.

Avoid reminding the reader of the general argument.

Provide a detailed summary at the end to emphasize the argument.

To remind your reader of the general argument without the need to conclude every paragraph with a summary.

A

To remind your reader of the general argument without the need to conclude every paragraph with a summary.

195
Q

Which of the following skills a speaker must carry when facing the audience?

Group of answer choices

Active listening and questioning

Passive listening and affirmation

Speaking fluently and confidently

Memorization and rehearsal

A

Active listening and questioning

3 TSY 23-24 (19 decks)

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