CYTOLOGY Flashcards
Organisation of life
Atoms-Molecule-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Body system-Organism-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere
Nucleus
The brain of the cell is ENCLOSED WITHIN A DOUBLE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE WITH NUCLEAR PLASM NUCLEOLOUS AND CHROMATIN.
Controls all activity in the cell (CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND INFORMATION TRANSMISSION(HEREFITORY CHARACTERISTICS)).
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and suspends the organelles, made of water, salts, and proteins.
Cell membrane
PARTIALLY PERMEABLE SUBSTANCE THAT SURROUNDS PLANT/ANIMAL CELLS
CONTROLS WHA ENTERS/EXITS THE CELL.
Mitochondrion
The powerhouse of the cell
In all cells and it releases energy from the food we eat through cellular respiration.
Glucose+Fat+O2=Energy(ATP)+CO2+H2O
Cell wall (plant cell)
A rigid, strong structure on the outside is made of cellulose which is the fibre in our diet.
Protects the cell and gives it shape, Fully permeable.
Vacuoles
Structure surrounded by a tonoplast and filled with cell sap.
Gives shape and Turgidity to the cell and stores water for the cell.
Turgid cell
Water enter by osmosis
Vacuole swells and pushes against Cell Wall
Flacid Cell
Water lost from the cell
Vacuole shrinks; cell loses shape
Chloroplasts
The structure in which photosynthesis takes place(Plant making food)
The structure in a plant that is surrounded by a double membrane enclosing the stroma and Grana (inside the Thlakoids(that make up Grana) there is chlorophyll)
Plant Cell
LARGE PERMANENT VACUOLE CELL MEMBRANE+CELL WALL MOST HAVE CHLOROPLASTS RIGID SHAPE GLUCOSE STORED AS STARCH
ANIMAL CELL
SMALL/NO VACUOLE NO CELL WALL; ONLY CELL MEMBRANE NO CHOLOROPLASTS IRREGULAR SHAPE GLUCOSE STORED AS GLYCOGEN
RIBOSOMES
MICRO-MACHINES USED FOR MAKING PROTEINS
CYTOLOGY
STUDY OF CELLS
CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
