Cytochrome Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some CYP P450 inducers?

A

Rifampicin
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Omeprazole

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2
Q

What are some CYP P450 inhibitors?

A
Ciprofoixacin
Anti-fungals
Fluoxetine 
Paroxetine 
HIV anti-virals eg indinavir
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3
Q

Give some examples of P450 enzymes

A

CYP 3A4
CYP 2D6
CYP 2C9

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4
Q

What are some substrates of CYP 3A4?

A
Calcium channel blockers 
Macrolides
Anti-retroviral drugs 
Statins 
COCP, POP
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5
Q

What are some inhibitors of CYP 3A4?

A

Grapefruit

Protease inhibitors - ritonavir

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6
Q

What are some inducers of CYP 3A4?

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
St John’s Wort

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7
Q

What are some substrates for CYP 2D6?

A

Tricyclics antidepressants
Antipsychotics
β-blockers

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8
Q

What are some inhibitors of CYP 2D6?

A

SSRIs

Some anti-arrhythmics

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9
Q

What are some substrates for CYP 2C9?

A

Warfarin
NSAIDs
Sulfonylurea

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10
Q

What are some inhibitors of CYP 2C9?

A

Amiodarone
Clopidogrel
Quinolone
Metronidazole

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11
Q

What are some inducers of CYP 2C9?

A

Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
St John’s Wort

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12
Q

What is the effect of CYP P450 inhibitors?

A

Prevent metabolism of certain drugs
Therefore increase therapeutic effect

For example, drinking grapefruit juice while taking statins => increased reduction in plasma LDL. However also increases risk of side effects eg rhabdomyolysis

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13
Q

What is the effect of CYP P450 inducers?

A

Increase metabolism of certain drugs
Therefore decrease therapeutic benefit

For examples, taking St John Wort’s with COCP/POP => less effective => inc risk of pregnancy

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