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Yr 1 CVS > CVS embryology > Flashcards

CVS embryology Flashcards

1
Q

where do blood vessels first appear

A

the yolk sac, allantois, connecting stalk and chorion

–this is called the cardiogenic field

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2
Q

where do the heart tubes from from

A

blood vessels in lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

where does the heart lie in relation to

A

dorsal to pericardial cavity

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4
Q

where does parietal and fibrous pericardium form from

A

somatic mesoderm

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5
Q

where does visceral pericardium form from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

where does pericardial cavity form from

A

intra-embryonic coelom

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7
Q

what does the caudal and cephalic end become

A

caudal- veins

cephalic- arteries

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8
Q

whats the name of the fold of heart tube

A

bulboventricular loop

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9
Q

what happens in formation of bulboventricular loop

A

Bulbus cordis and ventricle enlarge and loop to the right →

Ventricle pushed left and inferiorly

Atria pushed superiorly and posteriorly

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10
Q

birth defects: dextrocardia

A

Heart tube loops to left side (instead of right side)

so ventricles come to lie facing the right

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11
Q

Formation of left and right atrioventricular canals

A

Endocardial cushion growth

separates right atrium + ventricle

from left atrium + ventricle to form L & R AV canals

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12
Q

Partitioning of Primitive Atrium into left & right atria

A

septum primum and ostium primum grow

ostium secundum grows after apoptosis of septum primum

eventually making foramen ovale

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13
Q

role of foramen ovale

A

allows blood to pass through atria as doesn’t need to go to right ventricle for lungs

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14
Q

what happens to the foramen ovale after birth

A

septum primum fuses with the septum secundum

making fossa ovalis

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15
Q

non closure of foramen ovale is called

A

patent foramen ovale

a common congenital Atrial Septal Defect

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16
Q

Partitioning of Primitive Ventricle

A

Muscular ventricular septum forms. Opening is called interventricular foramen.

Aorticopulmonary septum divides bulbiscordis and truncus arteriosus into aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Bottom of spiral aorticopulmonary septum fuses with muscular ventricular septum and endocardial cushions to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen

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17
Q

birth defects: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A

hole in middle septum

can close spontaneously

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18
Q

Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis (BC) and Truncus Arteriosus (TA)

A

aorticopulmonary septum divides BC and TA into aorta and pulmonary trunk

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19
Q

Transposition of Great vessels

A

Common cause of cyanotic disease in newborn infants

Permit exchange of systemic and pulmonary circulation

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20
Q

causes of transposition of great vessels

A

1) Failure of aorticopulmonary septum to take a spiral course
2) Defective migration of neural crest cells to heart

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21
Q

what develops from the ventricular wall

A
  • The cusps
  • chordae tendineae
  • papillary muscles

of the atrioventricular valves

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22
Q

how are the semilunar valves formed

A

from subendocardial valve tissue.

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23
Q

how are atrium and sinus venosus made

A

Early pacemakers- SA node

-cardiomyocytes

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24
Q

SA node development time and location

A

5th week

high in the right atrium near the entrance of the SVC

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25
Q

where does the AV node and bundle of His develope

A

from cells of AV canal and sinus venosus

26
Q

what goes wrong to cause cot death

A

abnormalities in conducting tissue

27
Q

Heart tube derivatives: aortic sac

A

aortic arches

28
Q

Heart tube derivatives: bulbus cordis

A

right ventricle

parts of outflow tracts

29
Q

Heart tube derivatives: primative ventricle

A

left ventricle

30
Q

Heart tube derivatives: primitive atrium

A

parts of right and left atria

31
Q

Heart tube derivatives: sinus venosus

A

superior vena cava

right atrium

32
Q

what are the first arteries to appear in an embryo

A

left an right primitive aorta

with a ventral and dorsal part

33
Q

aortic sac structure and derivatives

A

made up of 2 ventral aortae

then becomes truncus arteriosus

eventually making aortic branch

34
Q

aortic arches unite with

A

dorsal aortae

35
Q

aortic arches give rise to

A

great arteries of the head and neck

36
Q

how do blood vessels develop

A

•Vasculogenesis

defined as the new formation of a primitive vascular network

•Angiogenesis

defined as the growth of new vessels from pre-existing blood vessels

37
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 1st and 2nd

A

disappear

38
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 3rd

A

forms the common carotid artery

39
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 4th

A

forms right subclavian

40
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 5th

A

dissapears

41
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 6th right arch

A

right pulmonary artery

42
Q

Adult derivatives of Aortic Arches: 6th left arch

A

left pulmonary artery

ductus arteriosus

43
Q

birth defects: aortic arches

A

often persistence of aortic arches that either normally should regress

or regression of arches that normally shouldn’t.

eg. right subclavian artery sometimes has abnormal origin on the left →may constrict trachea and oesophagus

44
Q

birth defects: double aortic arch

A

non-regression of the right aortic arch forming a vascular ring around the trachea and oesophagus,

45
Q

birth defects: patent ductus arteriosus

A

Failure of muscular wall to contract- respiratory distress syndrome

associated with maternal rubella infection

46
Q

birth defects: coarction of aorta

A

aorta is narrow, usually where ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum) inserts.

47
Q

vitelline vessels supply

A

yolk sac- adult gut vessels

48
Q

umbilical vessels supply

A

placenta- internal illiac

49
Q

cardinal vessels supply

A

rest of body- SVC and IVC

50
Q

lymph sac development

A

Six primary lymph sacs develops at the end of embryonic period

Lymphatic vessels will later join the lymph sacs

51
Q

what does thoracic duct develop from

A

vessels anterior to aorta

becoming left and right embryonic thoracic ducts

52
Q

left and right embryonic thoracic ducts gives rise to

A

left: gives rise to the upper third of the adult thoracic duct
right: lower two-thirds of the adult duct

53
Q

the placenta acts as

A

lung and kidneys

54
Q

Foetal circulation shunts: ductus venosus

A

shunts blood in left umbilical vein into IVC

so oxygenated blood in placenta bypasses liver

55
Q

Foetal circulation shunts: foramen ovale

A

shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium

allows blood to bypass the lungs

56
Q

Foetal circulation shunts: ductus arteriosus

A

shunts blood from right ventricle and pulmonary arteries to aorta

allows blood to bypass the lungs.

57
Q

Closure of foetal shunts & umbilical arteries: ductus venosus

A

→ligamentum venosum of the liver

58
Q

Closure of foetal shunts & umbilical arteries: foramen ovale

A

closes after birth →fossa ovalis of the hear

59
Q

Closure of foetal shunts & umbilical arteries: ductus arteriosus

A

→ligamentum arteriosum between left pulmonary artery and aorta

60
Q

Closure of foetal shunts & umbilical arteries: umbilical arteries

A

→medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall

Yr 1 CVS (3 decks)

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