CVS 3

Question 1

how do you calculate Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 1

Diastolic BP + 1/3 pule pressure

OR

Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 2

what is pulse pressure

Answer 2

the force the heart generates with each contraction to overcome arterial resistance

Question 3

what is after load

Answer 3

the force (pressure) against which the heart must contract to eject blood into the arteries

Question 4

what parameters influence pulse pressure

Answer 4

stroke volume
ejection velocity of stroke volume

Question 6

what will have to pulse pressure if stroke volume increases

Answer 6

increase

Question 7

what will happen to pulse pressure if ejection velocity increases

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

what will happen to pulse pressure if arteries are less compliant

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

function of arteries

Answer 9

transport blood from heart to tissue
pressure reservoir to maintain blood flow through tissues during diastole

Question 10

what type of tissue is present in large quantities the thick walls of arteries?

Answer 10

elastic tissue (to allow stretch and recoil)

Question 11

function of capillaries

Answer 11

form connections between arteries and veins

Question 12

function of veins

Answer 12

transport blood back to the heart from tissues

Question 13

veins have a larger diameter and lumen?

true or false

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what is the function of venous valves

Answer 14

prevent backward flow of blood

Question 15

what occurs if venous wall or valves lose their elasticity

Answer 15

• weakening or either or both causes turbulent blood flow within vessel
• result in development of varicose veins as vessels wall becomes distended

Question 16

blood vessels share 3 layer wall structure (apart from capillaries)
what are these 3 layers?

Answer 16

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia (externa)

Question 17

what is vascular compliance

Answer 17

ability of a blood vessel wall to passively expand and recoil in response to changes in pressure

Question 18

what cells form the inner lining or blood vessel (tunic intimate) system and heart

Answer 18

endothelial cells

Question 20

what is the important role of endothelia cells in the blood vessel

Answer 20

local blood pressure control

Question 21

what other functions do endothelial cells have in blood vessels

Answer 21

regulation of platelet function and fibrinolysis
promote angiogenesis and vessel remodelling

Question 22

why does shear stress occur

Answer 22

due to blood travelling at different velocities within a blood vessel

Question 23

what is shear stress

Answer 23

force of flowing blood on the endothelial later of the blood vessel

Question 24

what is the function of the capillary system

Answer 24

primary site for exchange of fluid, electrolytes, gases

Question 25

what are the 3 structural classes of capillaries

Answer 25

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

Question 26

clinical relevance or the lymphatic system

Answer 26

important role in immune system