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Bioscience Year 2 > CV System > Flashcards

CV System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CV system consist of?

A

the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

artery structure

A

transport blood away from the heart, thick wall, narrow lumen

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3
Q

vein structure

A

transport blood towards the heart, thin muscle layer, wide lumen, and valves to prevent backflow

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4
Q

capillary structure

A

walls one cell thick

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5
Q

cardiovascular circuit

A

vena cava –> right atrium –> right AV valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> left AV valve –> left ventricle –> aorta –> body

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6
Q

how is an electrical impulse generated

A

the SA node is depolarised, initiating a heartbeat

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7
Q

pathway of electrical impulse

A

electrical signal generated at SA node –> travels to AV node –> passes through the bundle of His in the left and right bundle branches –> into Purkinje fibres –> fibres contract and the cycle restarts

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8
Q

stages of the cardiac cycle

A

atrial systole, ventricular systole, complete cardiac diastole

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9
Q

atrial systole

A

right atrium contracts, left atrium contracts, ventricles fully relaxed, pulmonary valve closed, aortic valve closed, AV valves open

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10
Q

ventricular systole

A

r and l atrium relax, AV valves closed, ventricles begin to contract, pulmonary valve opens, aortic valve opens, ventricles fully contract

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11
Q

complete cardiac diastole

A

ventricles start to relax, AV valves closed, aortic valve closed, pulmonary valve closed, ventricles fully relax, right atrium fills with deoxygenated blood, left atrium fills with oxygenated blood

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12
Q

systole

A

period of ventricular contraction

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13
Q

diastole

A

period of ventricular relaxation

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14
Q

P wave

A

electrical impulse travels from the SA node to the walls of the atria, causing them to contract (atrial depolarisation)

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15
Q

QRS complex

A

spread of impulse from the AV node through the AV bundle and the Purkinje fibres, and the electrical activity of the ventricular muscle (ventricular depolarisation)

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16
Q

delay between completion of P wave and onset of QRS complex

A

conduction of impulse through the AV node, which is much slower than conduction elsewhere in the heart, and allows atrial contraction to finish completely before ventricular contraction starts

17
Q

T wave

A

relaxation of the ventricular muscle (ventricular repolarisation)

18
Q

aortic valve location

A

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

19
Q

pulmonary valve location

A

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border

20
Q

tricuspid valve location

A

4th intercostal space, left sternal border

21
Q

mitral valve location

A

5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

22
Q

layers of the heart

A

pericardium (outside), epicardium, myocardium, endocardium (inside)

23
Q

pericardium

A

protective sack around the heart, has its own lubricant called pericardial fluid, which stops the sack from rubbing against the heart

24
Q

epicardium

A

outer surface of the heart, like another mucousy sack around the heart

25
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of the heart wall, contains contractile fibres, conduction system and blood supply for heart muscle. this is the layer a heart attack happens in

26
Q

endocardium

A

inner most layer of smooth muscle that lines the valves and inner chambers of the heart

27
Q

properties of a cardiac muscle

A

rhythmicity, excitability, contractility, conductivity

28
Q

rhythmicity

A

ability of cardiac muscle to spontaneously depolarise and generate rhythmic impulses, independent of any external electrical signals from the nervous system

29
Q

excitability

A

ability of cardiac muscle cells to respond to adequate stimuli or electrical impulses by generating an action potential

30
Q

contractility

A

ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract or shorten and generate force when stimulated by electrical signals

31
Q

conductivity

A

ability of cardiac muscle cells to transmit cardiac impulses from one cell to another

32
Q

what is the “lub” sound caused by

A

closing of the AV valves during isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles

33
Q

what is the “dub” sound caused by

A

closing of the semilunar valves when the pressure in the ventricles falls below the pressure in the arteries

34
Q

equation for cardiac output

A

CO = heart rate x stroke volume

35
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

36
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

37
Q

blood pressure equation

A

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance (TPR)

38
Q

blood pressure

A

force that the blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

Bioscience Year 2 (4 decks)

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