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Immunology Test #2 > Cutaneous and Mucosal Immune Systems + Vaccination > Flashcards

Cutaneous and Mucosal Immune Systems + Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

The ring of lymphoid tissues around the entrance of the gut/airway
Formed by Tonsils and Adenoids

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2
Q

Two forms of lymphatics found in the gut

A

Organized

Single Lymphoid Follicles

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3
Q

Purpose of M cells?

A

Specialized to transport microorganisms to gut-associated lymphoid tissues

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4
Q

Two examples of built-in secondary lymphoid tissues of the gut

A

Peyer’s Patches

Colonic Patches

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5
Q

Describe the functional relationship of M cells and Peyer’s Patches

A

M cells capture bacteria from the gut lumen, deliver it and their antigens to dendritic cells/lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patch

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6
Q

Antibody that works in the intestinal lumen? How?

A

IgA

Enters via transcytosis across epithelial cells

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7
Q

What binding molecule aids IgA in transcytosis?

A

PIgR

Polymerized IG A Receptor

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8
Q

How do dendritic cells capture gut antigens?

A

DCs can extend processes across the epithelial cell layer to capture antigens from the gut lumen

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9
Q

How do gut homing T cells make it work?

A

Bind to interstitial vascular endothelium, enter lam. pro.

In LP, gut-homing T cells bind chemokines of intestinal epit.

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10
Q

Effector cells found in healthy intestinal epithelium

A

Tregs

CD8, CD4, Plasma, Mast, Macro, DC

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11
Q

How is IgG transported from the gut to the lumen?

A

FcRn

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12
Q

M cells work in what three locations

A

Peyer’s
Adenoids
Tonsils

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13
Q

Three types of vaccines utilized?

A

Active Immunization
Passive Immunization
DNA/Recombinant Vaccines

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14
Q

How might an attenuated virus be generated?

A

Pathogenic virus isolated from human cells
Virus is grown in monkey cell culture
Cell mutates/adapts to monkey cells
These no longer grow well in humans, use for vaccine

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15
Q

Active Immunity is…

A

Development of antibodies in response to injected foreign antigen
(Vaccination)

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16
Q

Passive Immunity is…

A

Using antibodies from a donor and transferring them in order to provide immediate protection

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17
Q

Children
Hepatitis B
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

Birth
1-2 months
6-18 months
Subunit Vaccine

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18
Q

Children
Rotavirus
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
Attenuated Virus/Recombinant Live Virus

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19
Q

Children
DTaP
Vaccine Date(s)?

A 
2 months
4 months
6 months
15-18 months
4-6 years
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20
Q

Children
Tdap
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

11-12 years

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21
Q

Children
Hemoph. flu AND Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13)
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
12-18 months

Polysaccharide conjugated to protein

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22
Q 
Children
Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV)
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?
A

2 months
4 months
6 months-19 months
4-6 years

Attenuated or Killed Virus

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23
Q

Children
Influenza
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

Annually after age of 6 months

Inactivated Virus

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24
Q

Children
MMR AND Varicella
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

12-18 months
4-6 years

Attenuated Virus

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25
Q

Children
Hepatitis A
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

Two doses between age 1 and 2

Subunit Vaccine

26
Q

Children
HPV
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

11-12 years
(3 dose series)
Subunit Vaccine

27
Q

Children
Meningococcus
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

11-12 years

16-17 years

28
Q

Varicella vaccine prevents

A

Chicken Pox

29
Q

DTaP vaccine presents

A

Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

30
Q

Hib Vaccine prevents

A

Hemophilus influenzae type b

31
Q

MMR vaccin prevents

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

32
Q

IPV vaccine prevents

A

Polio

33
Q

RV vaccine prevents against

A

Rotavirus

34
Q

______ Polio virus is no longer recommended for routine immunization in the US

A

Oral

35
Q

Who gets pneumovax?

A

Old people and high risk patients (sickle cell, HIV, IC, asthma, smokers)

36
Q

Two examples of a toxoid vaccine?

A

Diptheria

Tetanus

37
Q

Types of vaccine in DTaP?

A

Diptheria – Toxoid
Tetanus – Toxoid
Pertussis – Killed Bacteria (toxoid+other antigens)

38
Q

What vaccines do you avoid giving to a pregnant or IC person? Why?

A

MMR, Polio, Varicella

Live attenuated viruses may be able to take hold in an immunocompromised patient

39
Q

What is unique about the live-attenuated vaccine against salmonella typhi?

A

Mutagenesis and selection for loss of the LPS necessary for pathogenesis

40
Q

Why use a conjugate vaccine?

A

Polysaccharides cannot activate T cells
Only proteins for MHC presentation
No Ts = No high affinity B action

41
Q

What happens when a conjugate vaccine is utilized?

A

B cells take sin polysaccharide with attached toxoid
Peptides from toxoid are presented to T cell
T activates B
B differentiates into a plasma cell that makes tons of anti-polysacch.

42
Q

Two typical components of a Vaccine

A

Antigen and Adjuvant

43
Q

Two functions of adjuvants?

A 
Activate cells (APC, B, T, tissue cells)
Sustained release of antigens (alum or oil)
44
Q

How do alum/oil lead to the sustained release of antigens?

A

Enhance antigen uptake by the APC

Slow release is beneficial

45
Q

benefits of using vaccines with adjuvants?

A

Less active component required
Less repeat vaccinations
Help weak immune systems (old and young)

46
Q

Most prevalent Adjuvant

A

Alum

47
Q

With multiple immunizations, Ig___ will increase response/affinity. Ig __ will stay the same.

A

IgG goes up

IgM does not

48
Q

Antibodies produced in an unimmunized primary reaction? Immunized donor secondary response?

A

1 – Ig GAME

2 – Ig GAE

49
Q

Risk of vaccination?

A

Live attenuated viruses can revert to become pathogenic

Don’t give these vaccines to immunocompromised people

50
Q

Adult
Influenze
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

Once Annually

51
Q

Adult
Tetanus
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

Tdap booster every 10 years

52
Q

Adult
Varicella
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

Two doses at some point?

53
Q

Adult
HPV
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

3 doses btw 19-26

54
Q

Adult
Zoster
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

One at Age 60+

55
Q

Adult
MMR
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

Booser of 1-2 doses between 19-55

56
Q 
Adult
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Vaccine Date(s)?
A

Dose above 65 years

57
Q

Possible adverse effect associated with Hep B

A

Anaphylaxis

58
Q

Possible adverse effect associated with Meases vaccine

A

Thrombocytopenia

Anapy. + Disseminated Disease in IC

59
Q

Possible adverse effect of DTP

A

Chronic Encephalopathy

60
Q

Possible adverse effects of tetanus-toxoid contianing vaccines?

A

Guillain Barre syndrome
Brachial Neuritis
Anaphylaxis

61
Q

List five new technologies in vaccine design.

A

Gene Clinic
Genetic engineering to make attenuated mutant strands
Trying with epitopes, rather than whole proteins
DNA vaccine
Add in cytokines to boost Th1 response

Immunology Test #2 (8 decks)

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