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Ortho Lab > Cumulative Lab Material > Flashcards

Cumulative Lab Material Flashcards

1
Q

Abbott-Saunders Test

A

( + ) Audible or palpable click

( i ) Subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon due to a rupture of transverse ligament or tendon subluxation beneath the subscapularis muscle belly

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2
Q

Allen Test

A

( + ) A delay of more than 10 seconds (Evans says 5) in returning a reddish color to the hand

( i ) Radial or ulnar artery insufficiency. The occluded artery is not the artery being tested

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3
Q

Allis Sign

(Galeazzi Sign, Pediatric Test)

A

a. ( + ) Difference in knee height with one low knee

a. ( i ) Ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or tibial discrepancy (anatomical short leg)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Difference in knee anteriority with an anterior knee

b. ( i ) Ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or femoral discrepancy (contralateral anatomical short leg)

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4
Q

Ankle Dorsiflexion Test

(Hoppenfeld)

A
  • “My patient presents with difficulty dorsiflexing the foot. I try and also cannot dorsiflex the foot with the knee in extension. I will place the knee in flexion and try again to dorsiflex the foot. One of two things will happen…”*
    a. ( + ) the foot cannot dorsiflex with knee extended, but is able to with knee flexed
    a. ( i ) contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle
  • b. ( + ) the foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position
    b. ( i ) contracture of the soleus muscle
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5
Q

Anterior Apprehension Test

A

( + ) Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain

( i ) Chronic anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

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6
Q

Anterior Inominate Test

(Mazion’s Pelvic Maneuver/Advancement Sign)

A

a. ( + ) radiating pain along sciatic nerve, either unilateral or bilateral
a. ( i ) sciatic neuralgia or radiculopathy

b. ( + ) low back pain (lumbar or pelvic region)

b. ( i ) anterior (rotational) displacement of ilium relative to the sacrum

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7
Q

Anvil Test

A

( + ) Localized pain in long bone or hip joint

( i ) Possible fracture of long bones, or hip joint pathology

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8
Q

Apley Compression Test

A

( + ) Patient points to side of pain

( i ) Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear

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9
Q

Apley Distraction Test

A

( + ) Patient points to side of pain

( i ) Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear

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10
Q

Apley Test

(Apley Scratch Superior/Inferior)

A

( + ) Exacerbation of pain

( i ) Degenerative tendonitis of rotator cuff tendons, usually supraspinatus

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11
Q

Apprehension Test for the Patella

(Patellar Apprehension Test)

A

( + ) Apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line

( i ) Chronic patella dislocation or pre-disposition to dislocation

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12
Q

Bechterew Test

A

( + ) reproduction of radicular pain or inability to perform correctly due to tripod sign

( i ) sciatic radiculopathy

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13
Q

Bounce Home Test

A

( + ) Knee does not go into full extension (slight flexion remains)

( i ) Diffuse swelling of the knee, accumulation of fluid due to possible torn meniscus

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14
Q

Bowstring Sign

A

( + ) pain in lumbar region or radiculopathy

( i ) sciatic nerve root compression, this rules out tight hamstrings

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15
Q

Bragard Sign

A

( + ) Radiating pain in posterior thigh

( i ) Sciatic radiculopathy

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16
Q

Buckling Sign

(Cipriano)

A

( + ) Pain in the posterior thigh with sudden knee flexion or buckle

( i ) Sciatic radiculopathy

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17
Q

Bunnel-Littler Test

A
  • “My patient presents with an inability to flex their proximal interphalangeal joint. I place their metacarpophalangeal joint in extension and attempt to flex their proximal interphalangeal joint, and it does not flex. I then place their metacarpophalangeal joint in slight flexion. One of two things will happen…”*
    a. ( + ) Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved
    a. ( i ) Joint capsule contracture
  • b. ( + ) Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint is achieved
    b. ( i ) Tight intrinsic muscles
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18
Q

Cervical Distraction

A

a. ( + ) Diminished or absence of local pain
a. ( i ) Foraminal encroachment
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Diminished or absence of radicular pain
b. ( i ) Nerve root compression
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
c. ( + ) Increase in cervical pain
c. ( i ) Muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm, facet capsulitis

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19
Q

Cervical Spine Bony Palpation

A

hyoid bone

thyroid cartilage

first cricoid ring

mandible

mastoid processes

inion (EOP)

occiput

superior nuchal line

spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

facet joints

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20
Q

Cervical Spine ROM

A

Flexion - 50°

Extension - 60°

Lateral Flexion/Bending (L/R) - 45°

Rotation (L/R) - 80°

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21
Q

Cervical Spine Soft Tissue Palpation

A

sternocleidomastoid

anterior cervical chain

posterior cervical chain

carotid pulse

thyroid gland

supraclavicular fossa

trapezius

superior nuchal line

greater occipital nerves

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22
Q

Cozen

A

( + ) Pain over the lateral epicondyle

( i ) Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

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23
Q

Dawbarn Test

A

( + ) Decrease in pain and/or tenderness

( i ) Subacromial bursitis

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24
Q

Drawer Sign

(Anterior Drawer Sign of the Ankle)

A

( + ) Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia

( i ) With tibia pushed/foot pulled; a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament. With tibia pulled/foot pushed; a tear/instability of posterior talofibular ligament

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25
Q

Drawer Test

A

a. ( + ) Gapping more than 6mm (tibia moves posterior) when the leg is pushed

a. ( i ) torn posterior cruciate ligament
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Gapping more than 6mm (tibia moves anterior) when the leg is pulled

b. ( i ) torn anterior cruciate ligament

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26
Q

Drop Arm Test

(Codman’s Drop Arm Test)

A

( + ) Inability to lower the arm slowly or the arm drops suddenly

( i ) Rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus

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27
Q

Dugas Test

A

( + ) Inability to touch the opposite shoulder and/or inability of the elbow to touch the chest

( i ) Acute dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

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28
Q

Elbow Bony Palpation

A

medial epicondyle

groove for the ulnar nerve

trochlea

olecranon

olecranon fossa

lateral epicondyle

radial head

lateral supracondylar line of the humerus

medial supracondylar line of the humerus

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29
Q

Elbow ROM

A

Flexion 150°

Extension 0°

Forearm supination 80°

Forearm pronation 80°

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30
Q

Elbow Soft Tissue Palpation

A

biceps

triceps

brachial artery

supracondylar lymph nodes

medial collateral ligament

ulnar nerve

olecranon bursa

lateral collateral ligament

wrist flexor muscles:

  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris

elbow flexor muscles (mobile wad of three)

  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
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31
Q

Ely Heel to Buttock Test

A

a. ( + ) inability to raise the thigh
a. ( i ) iliopsoas spasm
- - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) pain in anterior thigh
b. ( i ) inflammation of lumbar nerve roots
- - - - - - - - - - - -
c. ( + ) pain in lumbar region
c. ( i ) lumbar nerve rood adhesions

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32
Q

Ely Heel to Buttock Test - Hip and Pelvis

A

a. ( + ) Inability to raise the thigh

a. ( i ) Iliopsoas spasm
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Pain in the anterior thigh

b. ( i ) Inflammation of lumbar nerve roots
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Pain in the lumbar region

b. ( i ) Lumbar nerve root adhesions

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33
Q

Ely Sign

(Ely Test - Cipriano)

A

“I will be getting ready to perform Nachlas, Yeoman or Hibbs test…”

( + ) Hip on side being tested will flex, causing the buttock to raise off the table

( i ) Rectus femoris or hip flexor contracture

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34
Q

Evaluation of C5 Nerve Root

A

Nerve Root: C5

Disc Level: C4

2 Muscle Tests:

  • shoulder ABduction: deltoid (axillary nerve)
  • forearm flexion: biceps (musculocutaneous)

Reflex: - biceps

Sensation: - lateral arm

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35
Q

Evaluation of C6 Nerve Root

A

Nerve Root: C6

Disc Level: C5

1 Muscle Test:

  • wrist extension: extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris (radial nerve)

Reflex:

  • brachioradialis

Sensation:

  • anterior lateral forearm, palm, thumb and 2nd digit
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36
Q

Evaluation of C7 Nerve Root

A

Nerve Root: C7

Disc Level: C6

3 Muscle Tests:

  • Elbow extension: triceps (radial nerve)
  • Wrist flexion: flexor carpi radialis (median nerve), flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
  • Finger extension: extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi (radial nerve)

Reflex: triceps

Sensation: 3rd digit, middle of palm

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37
Q

Evaluation of C8 Nerve Root

A

Nerve Root: C8

Disc Level: C7

1 Muscle Test:

  • finger flexion: flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals (median and ulnar nerves)

No Reflex

Sensation: 4th and 5th digits, antero-medial hand and forearm

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38
Q

Evaluation of Nerve Root L4

A

Nerve Root: L4

Disc Level: L3

1 Muscle Test:

  • Foot Dorsiflexion and Inversion:
  • tibialis anterior (deep peroneal)

Reflex: Patellar Tendon

Sensation: Medial aspect of leg, medial foot, medial aspect of big toe

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39
Q

Evaluation of Nerve Root L5

A

Nerve Root: L5

Disc Level: L4

4 Muscle Tests:

  • Foot Dorsiflexion:
  • peroneous tertious (deep peroneal)
  • extensor digitorum longus and brevis (deep peroneal)
  • extensor hallicus longus (deep peroneal)
  • Big Toe Dorsiflexion:
  • extensor hallicus longus (deep peroneal)
  • Toes 2,3,4 Dorsiflexion:
  • extensor digitorum longus and brevis (deep peroneal)
  • Hip and pelivs abduction:
  • gluteus medius and minimus (superior gluteal)

Reflex: none

Sensation: lateral leg, dorsum of foot, middle three toes

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40
Q

Evaluation of Nerve Root S1

A

Nerve Root: S1

Disc Level: L5

3 Muscle Tests:

  • Foot Plantarflexion and Eversion:
  • peroneus longus and brevis (superficial peroneal)
  • Foot Plantarflexion:
  • gastrocnemius and soleus (tibial)
  • Hip Extension:
  • gluteus medius and minimus (superior gluteal)

Reflex: none

Sensation: lateral leg, dorsum of foot, middle three toes

*S2 Sensation: posterior aspect of thigh over popliteal fossa onto posteromedial calf*

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41
Q

Evaluation of T1 Nerve Root

A

Nerve Root: T1

Disc Level: T1

2 Muscle Tests:

  • finger abduction: dorsal interossei (ulnar nerve)
  • finger adduction: palmar interossei (ulnar nerve)

No Reflex

Sensation: antero-medial arm (distal aspect of arm to proximal aspect of forearm

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42
Q

Finkelstein Test

A

( + ) Pain distal to the radial styloid process

( i ) Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons (DeQuervain’s Disease)

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43
Q

Foot and Ankle Bony Palpation

A

medial malleolus
lateral malleolus

calcaneus
talus
cuboid
navicular

3 cuneiforms

5 metatarsals

metatarsophalangeal joints

sustentaculum tali

navicular tubercle

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44
Q

Foot and Ankle ROM

A

Ankle Dorsiflexion 20°
Ankle Plantarflexion 50°

Subtalar Inversion 5°
Subtalar Eversion 5°

1st MTP Joint Flexion
1st MTP Joint Extension

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45
Q

Foot and Ankle Soft Palpation

A

achilles tendon

fibular/peroneus brevis

tibialis posterior tendon
tibialis anterior tendon

deltoid ligament

spring ligament

anterior talofibular ligament

dorsal pedal artery
posterior tibial artery

plantar aponeurosis

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46
Q

Foraminal Compression

A

a. ( + ) Exacerbation of localized cervical pain
a. ( i ) Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular element
b. ( i ) Foraminal encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression

47
Q

Gaenslen Test

A

( + ) Pain on the affected sacroiliac joint when stressed into extension

( i ) General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint

48
Q

Goldthwait Sign

A

( + ) localized pain, low back pain or pain radiating down the leg

( i ) lumbosacral or sacroiliac pathology

  • pain occuring after lumbar spinouses move = possible lumbosacral problem
  • pain occurring before lumbar spinouses move = possible sacroiliac problem
49
Q

Golfer’s Elbow Test

A

( + ) Pain over the medial epicondyle

( i ) Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)

50
Q

Heel Walk

A

( + ) inability to perform test

( i ) L4-L5 disc lesion (L5 nerve root)

51
Q

Hibb Test

A

a. ( + ) Pain in the hip region

a. ( i ) Hip joint pathology
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Pain in the buttock/pelvic region

b. ( i ) Sacroiliac joint lesion

52
Q

Hip and Pelvis ROM

A

Flexion 120°
Extension 30°

ABduction 45°
ADduction 45°

Internal Rotation 45°
External Rotation 45°

Flexion & ADduction
Flexion, ABduction and External Rotation

53
Q

Hip Bony Palpation

A

Anterior:
ASIS
iliac crest
iliac tubercle
greater trochanter

Posterior:
PSIS
ischial tuberosity
coccyx

54
Q

Hip Soft Tissue Palpation

A

Femoral Triangle Borders

  • sartorius
  • adductor longus
  • inguinal ligament

Quadriceps Muscles

  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medius
  • vastus intermedius
  • rectus femoris

greater trochanteric bursa

gluteus medius
gluteus maximus

sciatic nerve
cluneal nerves

Hamstrings

  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
55
Q

Homan’s Sign

A

( + ) deep pain in the calf

( i ) deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT)

56
Q

Hoover Sign

A

( + ) lack of counter pressure on the healthy side

( i ) lack of organic basis for paralysis (malingering/hysteria)

  • with organic hemipalegia, patient will still exert downward pressure when attempting to raise the paralyzed leg
57
Q

Impingement Sign

A

( + ) Pain in the shoulder

( i ) Overuse injury to the supraspinatus and possibly biceps tendon

58
Q

Kernig Sign

A

( + ) Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain (usually in the neck region)

( i ) Meningeal irritation, or meningitis

59
Q

Knee Bony Palpation

A

patella

tibial tubercle

medial tibial plateau
medial femoral condyle

lateral tibial plateau
lateral femoral condyle

fibular head

60
Q

Knee ROM

A

Flexion 135°
Extension 0°

Internal Rotation
External Rotation

61
Q

Knee Soft Palpation

A

Quadriceps muscles

  • rectus femoris
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus lateralis

Bursae

  • prepatellar bursa
  • infrapetellar tendon
  • superficial infrapatellar bursa

medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

medial mensicus
lateral meniscius

Pes anserine Area

  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosus

gastrocnemius muscle

popliteal fossa

62
Q

Lachman Test

A

( + ) Gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur

( i ) Anterior cruciate ligament or posterior oblique ligament instability

63
Q

Laguerre Test

A

a. ( + ) Pain in the hip joint

a. ( i ) Hip joint pathology
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Pain in the sacroiliac joint

b. ( i ) Mechanical problem of the sacroiliac joint

64
Q

Lasegue Test

A

( + ) Reproduction of sciatic pain before 60°

( i ) Sciatica

65
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Test

(Adduction Stress Test)

A

( + ) Excessive gapping and pain

( i ) Lateral collateral ligament instability

66
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Test

(Adduction/Varus Stress Test)

A

( + ) gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line

( i ) torn lateral colllateral ligament

67
Q

Leg Length Discrepancy

A

a. ( + ) different measurements in true leg length

a. ( i ) bony abnormality above or below the level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) different measurement in apparent leg length

b. ( i ) pelvic obliquity (tilted pelvis)

68
Q

Lewin-Gaenslen Test

A

( + ) Pain on the affected sacroiliac joint when stressed into extension

( i ) General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint

69
Q

Lewing Standing Test

A

( + ) radiating pain down the leg causing sudden flexion of the knee or knees

( i ) gluteal, lumbosacral or sacroiliac pathologies

70
Q

Lumbar Spine Bony Palpation

A

iliac crest

lumbar spinous processes

PSIS

sacral tubercles

71
Q

Lumbar Spine ROM

A

Flexion: 25°

Extension: 30°

R/L Lateral Bending: 25°

R/L Rotation: 30°

72
Q

Lumbar Spine Soft Tissue Palpation

A

anterior abdominal muscles

paraspinal muscles

  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis

sciatic nerve

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

hamstrings

  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
73
Q

McMurray’s Sign

A

( + ) clicking sound or pain by the knee joint

( i ) Tear of medial meniscus if positive is on external rotation. Tear of lateral meniscus of positive is on internal rotation.

*The higher the leg is raised during extension when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury.

74
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Test

(Abduction/Valgus Stress Test)

A

( + ) gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line

( i ) torn medial colllateral ligament

75
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Test

(Abduction Stress Test)

A

( + ) Excessive gapping and pain

( i ) Medial collateral ligament instability

76
Q

Milgram’s Test

A

( + ) inability to perform test and/or low back pain

( i ) weak abdominal muscles or space occupying lesion

77
Q

Mills Test

(Mills Maneuver/Evans)

A

( + ) Pain over the lateral epicondyle

( i ) Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

78
Q

Morton Test

A

( + ) sharp pain in the forefoot

( i ) metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace)

79
Q

Nachlas Test

A

( + ) Pain in the buttock and/or pain in the lumbar region

( i ) Sacroiliac joint lesion, or lumbar pathology

80
Q

Neri Bowing Test

A

( + ) pain accompanied by flexion of the knee on the affected side with possible body rotation away from affected side

( i ) positive for a variety of low back pathologies. Hamstring tension on the pelvis may trigger a response

81
Q

Ober Test

(Ober Position)

A

( + ) Affected thigh remains in ABduction

( i ) Contraction of the iliotibial band, secondary to synovitis of the hip. or, contraction of the tensor fascia lata, secondary to trauma of the gluteus medius and maximus.

82
Q

O’Donogue Maneuver

A

( + ) Pain during passive range of motion

( i ) Ligamentous sprain

( + ) Pain during active range of motion

( i ) Muscle or tendon strain

83
Q

Patella Ballottment Test

A

( + ) A floating sensation of the patella

( i ) A large amount of swelling in the knee

84
Q

Patella Femoral Grinding Test

(Clarke Sign)

A

( + ) Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction

( i ) Degenerative changes of the patellar facets and/or within the trochlear groove (chondromalacia patella)

85
Q

Patrick Test

(FABERE Sign)

A

( + ) Pain in the hip region

( i ) Hip joint pathology

86
Q

Pelvic Rock Test

(Iliac Compression Test)

A

( + ) Pain in either sacroiliac joint

( i ) Sacroiliac joint lesion

87
Q

Phalen Sign

A

Patient would hold this position for 60 seconds or until the point of pain. 58, 59, 60…

( + ) Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (thumb, 2nd, 3rd and lateral half of 4th digits)

( i ) Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

88
Q

Posterior Apprehension Test

A

( + ) Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain

( i ) Chronic posterior disloaction of the glenohumeral joint

89
Q

Retinacular Test

A
  • “My patient presents with an inability to flex their distal interphalangeal joint. I place their proximal interphalangeal joint in extension and attempt to flex their distal interphalangeal joint, and it does not flex. I then place their proximal interphalangeal joint in slight flexion. One of two things will happen…”*
    a. ( + ) Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved
    a. ( i ) Joint capsule contracture
  • b. ( + ) Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint is achieved
    b. ( i ) Tight retinacular ligament
90
Q

Reverse Phalen Sign

(Prayer Sign)

A

Patient would hold this position for 60 seconds or until the point of pain. 58, 59, 60…

( + ) Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (thumb, 2nd, 3rd and lateral half of 4th digits)

( i ) Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

91
Q

Rigid or Supple Flat Feet Test

(Hoppenfeld)

A

a. ( + ) absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions
a. ( i ) rigid flat feet
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated with a loss of medial longitudinal arch while standing
b. ( i ) supple flat feet

92
Q

Shoulder Bony Palpation

A

sternoclavicular articulation

clavicle

acromioclavicular articulation

acromion process

spine of the scapula

body of the scapula

scapulothroacic articulation

coracoid process

greater tuberosity

bicipital groove

lesser tuberosity

93
Q

Shoulder Depression Test

A

a. ( + ) Localized pain on the side being tested
a. ( i ) Dural sleeve adhesion, and muscular adhesion or contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Radicular pain on side being tested
b. ( i ) Neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
c. ( + ) Radicular pain on opposite side being tested
c. ( i ) Foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression

94
Q

Shoulder Soft Tissue Palpation

A

Prominent Muscles

  • sternocleidomastoid
  • biceps
  • deltoid
    • anterior
    • middle
    • posterior
  • trapezius
  • rhomboid
    • major
    • minor

Rotator Cuff Muscles

  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis

Subacromial bursa

Subdeltoid bursa

Axillary borders

  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus anterior
  • axillary lymph nodes
  • bicipital tendon
95
Q

Shoulder ROM

A

Flexion 180°

Extension 60°

Abduction 180°

Adduction 50°

External rotation 90°

Internal rotation 70°

Scapular Retraction

Scapular Protraction

Scapular Elevation

96
Q

Soto-Hall Sign

A

( + ) Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2

( i ) Non-specific test for structural integrity of cervical region

97
Q

Speed Test

A

( + ) Pain and/or tenderness in the bicipital groove

( i ) Bicipital tendonitis

98
Q

Spinal Percussion

A

a. ( + ) Local pain
a. ( i ) Possible fractured vertebrae, ligamentous involvement if there is spinous pain, and or muscular involvement if there is muscular pain.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
b. ( + ) Radiating pain
b. ( i ) Possible disc pathology

99
Q

Straight Leg Raiser (SLR)

A

( + ) Radiating pain and/or dull posterior thigh pain

( i ) Sciatic radiculopathy or tight hamstrings:

  • Positive between 35-70° = possible discogenic sciatic radiculopathy
  • Positive over 70° = tight hamstrings
100
Q

Swallowing Test

A

( + ) Difficulty in swallowing

( i ) Space-occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes, etc.

101
Q

Thomas Test

A

( + ) Lumbar spine maintains lordosis and hip or leg flexes

( i ) Contracture of the hip flexors, iliopsoas

102
Q

Thompson Test

A

( + ) absence of foot plantarflexion motion

( i ) achilles tendon rupture

103
Q

Tinel Elbow Sign

A

*Introduce patient to reflex hammer, ask permission to proceed

( + ) Pain and/or tenderness at the site being tapped with paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution area, digits 4 and 5

( i ) Neuroma of the ulnar nerve

104
Q

Tinel Wrist Sign

A

*Introduce patient to reflex hammer, ask permission to proceed

( + ) Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (thumb, 2nd, 3rd and lateral half of 4th digits)

( i ) Median neuritis, possibly Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

105
Q

Toe Walk

A

( + ) inability to perform test

( i ) L5-S1 disc lesion (S1 nerve root)

106
Q

Trendelenburg Test

A

( + ) High iliac crest on supported side and low iliac crest on side of elevated leg

( i ) Weak gluteus muscle on the supported side

107
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

( + ) radiating pain from the site of lesion, usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar spine

( i ) space occupying lesion, possible disc pathology

108
Q

Valsava Maneuver

A

( + ) Radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine)

( i ) Space-occupying lesion such as disc pathology

109
Q

Wrist and Hand ROM

A

Flexion 80°

Extension 70°

Ulnar deviation 30°

Radial deviation 20°

110
Q

Wrist Bony Palpation

A

radial styloid process

scaphoid (navicular)

Lister’s tubercle (dorsal tubercle)

lunate

capitate

ulnar styloid process

triquetrium

pisiform

hook of hamate

trapezium

trapezoid

metacarpals

phalanges

111
Q

Wrist Soft Tissue Palpation

A

radial artery

ulnar artery

palmaris longus tendon

thenar eminence

hypothenar eminence

palmar aponeurosis

carpal tunnel region

tissues surrounding proximal interphalangeal joints

tissues surrounding distal interphalangeal joints distal

tufts of fingers

112
Q

Yeoman Test

A

( + ) Pain deep in the sacroiliac joint

( i ) Sprain of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments

113
Q

Yergason Test

(Cipriano)

A

( + ) a. Localized pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

( i ) a. Bicipital tendonitis

( + ) b. Audible click or dislocation of biceps tendon

( i ) b. instability of the biceps tendon possibly associated with a torn transverse humeral ligament

Ortho Lab (12 decks)

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