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CSCI final > CSCI Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

CSCI Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Hardware

A

You can touch it

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2
Q

Software

A

On the computer; can’t touch it

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3
Q

Volatile

A

Data lost after losing power; CPU, cache, DRAM or RAM

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4
Q

Nonvolatile

A

Data remains after losing power: ROM and Flash

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5
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit:
processor
handles all computations
speed measured in Hz

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6
Q

RAM

A 
Random Access Memory:
Any memory cell can be directly accessed by knowing row/column of that memory cell
Primary memory of desktops and laptops
Plugs into motherboard
Volatile
Memory: bits/bytes
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7
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory:

Nonvolatile

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8
Q

Motherboard

A

Circuit that connects most of the hardware components together
Central nervous system
Connects CPU, RAM, power supply, BIOS chip, cards

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9
Q

HDD

A

Hard Disk Drive:
Memory for permanent storage
Non volatile

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10
Q

SSD

A

Solid State Drive:
Faster than HDD and slightly smaller
Function: storage data
Nonvolatile

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11
Q

USB Memory Stick

A

Nonvolatile

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12
Q

Flash Memory Card

A

Nonvolatile

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13
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit:

Part of the computer which is specifically responsible for the addition and subtraction of numbers

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14
Q

Video Card

A

Renders data to display on computer monitor
Can be card that fits into motherboard or built in
Contains graphic processing units (GPU), memory, and its own cooling system

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15
Q

Sound Card

A

Sends and receives data from one computer to another
Can be card that fits into motherboard or built in
Wired or wireless

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16
Q

I/O Devices

A 
Input
send data into a computer
keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.
Output
sends data out of a computer
monitor, speakers, printer
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17
Q

Optical Disks

A

Can read or write data via lasers from CD, DVD, BluRay; nonvolatile

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18
Q

Heat Sink

A

Old fashioned cooling system; mostly use fans

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19
Q

3 GB = _____ KB

A

3 million

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20
Q

Steps in boot up process:

A
  1. power on
  2. BIOS
  3. hard drive boot sector
  4. RAM
  5. CPU executes OS
    soft boot: restart
    hard/cold boot: powering off system and then powering it on
    BIOS in the motherboard -> turn on power -> CPU launches the BIOS and then the sector on the HSS where the DS is stored is activated and the computer boots
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21
Q

What hardware upgrade would result in significantly faster boot up time?

A

Upgrading to an SSD

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22
Q

What is BIOS and what does it do?

A

Basic input output system: software in a chip on motherboard
Program a personal computer’s microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on
Manages data flow between the computer’s operating system and attached devices
Stored in ROM when computer is off
1st thing run by the computer
BIOS manages I/O between devices, CPU, and operating system

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23
Q

What is Windows Snap and why is it convenient to use?

A

When you can do side by side windows

Drag one window all the way to one side and an outline will come up

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24
Q

What is Windows snip?

A

Like a screenshot of a certain portion of selected screen

25
Q

What button on a Windows keyboard captures a screenshot?

A

PrtScrn

Paste into Paint and Save

26
Q

What is Windows Task Manager?

A

Provides advanced details about how computer is using resources like RAM and CPU
Helps close programs

27
Q

What PowerPoint do we use in the labs?

A

2016

28
Q

What is binary and base-2?

A

They’re the same
Represent numeric data in digital devices
Only use 0 and 1
0=lack of something physical, 1=something is present

29
Q

What is the job of the operating system?

A

Manages all hardware and software: Windows, Apple

30
Q

What is a file extension?

A

Instructions that tell an operating system what programs can read these instructions

31
Q

What does Windows use file extensions for?

A

.txt files can be read by programs like word, wordpad, and google docs

.txt associated file extensions and their applications are contained within an operating system’s registry

32
Q

Encoding

A

Putting one set of symbols (letters, numbers, punctuation) into special format for efficient transmission of storage

33
Q

Decoding

A

Puts encoded symbols back into normal symbols

34
Q

4 bytes = ____ bits

A

32

1 byte = 8 bits

35
Q

ASCII

A

American standard code for information interchange

One of the most widely used text encoding schemes; English only; 7 or 8 bit

36
Q

Unicode

A

Everything else in the world besides ASCII; 32 or 64 bit

37
Q

Lossey

A

(can be) compressed; uncompressed is not the same as before

38
Q

Lossless

A

Same compressed and uncompressed

39
Q

Archiving files

A

many files into one file

40
Q

extracting files

A

one .zip file turns into many files

41
Q

CNTL+C

A

will stop any command

42
Q

”.”

A

current directory

43
Q

”..”

A

parent directory

44
Q

”>”

A

output redirect

command>file.txt will save all output from a command to file.txt

45
Q

relative path

A

starts from current directory

46
Q

absolute path

A

starts from root directory

47
Q

IP address

A

Internet Protocol address that every computer has

Helps computers identify one another and communicate

48
Q

part of URL

http

A

protocol

49
Q

part of URL

www

A

subdomain

50
Q

part of URL

google

A

domain name

51
Q

part of URL

com

A

top level domain

52
Q

part of URL

index.html

A

file path

53
Q

Web 2.0 is known as ____ web

A

social

54
Q

Does https completely secure email messages?

A

no

55
Q

Is http protocol encrypted?

A

no

56
Q

What is more secure? https or http?

A

https

57
Q

precision

A

ratio of relevant records retrieved to total number of relevant and irrelevant records retrieved

58
Q

recall

A

ratio of relevant records retrieved to total number of relevant records

59
Q

In Google’s advanced search, what are some Boolean or logical operators?

A

and
or
not
“and” & “not” are more restrictive

CSCI final (3 decks)

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