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Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the cranial nerves

A

On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Friendly Viking Grew Vines And Hops

Olfactory, optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vetibulocochlear, glossopharangeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

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2
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

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3
Q

What is CNII?

A

Optic nerve

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4
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Occulomotor

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5
Q

What is CNIV?

A

Trochlear

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6
Q

What is CNV?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens Nerve

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8
Q

What is CNVII?

A

Facial nerve

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9
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochear nerve

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10
Q

What is CNIX?

A

Glossopharangeal nerve

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11
Q

What is CNX?

A

Vagus nerve

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12
Q

What is CNXI?

A

Accessory nerve

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13
Q

What is CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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14
Q

What is the pathway of CNI?

A

Root of nasal cavity-> cribriform plates -> olfactory bulb -> olfactory tract-> temporal lobe

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15
Q

Where does CNI come from?

A

Forebrain

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16
Q

What does CNI do?

A

It is special sensory for olfaction

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17
Q

What does CNI do?

A

Special sensory- olfaction

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18
Q

How do you test for CNI?

A

You don’t really but ask about changes in smell and taste or if you have smelling salts use them

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19
Q

What are the cause of problems with CNI?

A

Shear at the cribriform plate- head injuries

Tumours in the frontal lobe

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20
Q

What is is the pathway of CNII?

A

Retinal optic ganglion cells-> axons from optic nerve -> exits back of orbit via optic canal-> fibres cross and merge at optic chiasm -> occipital lobe

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21
Q

Where does CNII come from?

A

Forebrain

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22
Q

What does CNII do?

A

Special sensory- part of the visual pathway

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23
Q

What causes problems with CNII?

A

Meningitis as meninges is carried with the nerve

Raised IC pressure

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24
Q

How do you test for the optic nerve?

A

Use a snellen chart

Visual field response

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25
Q

What is the pathway of CNIII?

A

Midbrain -> lateral wall of cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure (it’s occulomotor it goes to orbital socket)

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26
Q

Where does CNIII come from?

A

Midbrain

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27
Q

What does CNIII do?

A

Motor- innervates most muscles that move the eye

Parasympathetic- levator plapebrae superoris and pupillary sphincter

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28
Q

How do you test for CNIII?

A

Inspect eyelids and pupil size

Test eye movement and pupillary reflex

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29
Q

What may a patient have if they have a problem with CNIII?

A

Double vision
Pupillary dilation
Eye in down and out position

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30
Q

What are the cause of problems with CNIII?

A

Raised IC pressure

Vascular

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31
Q

What is the pathway of CNIV?

A

Midbrain -> cavernous sinus -> superior orbital fissure -> superior oblique muscle

32
Q

Where does CNIV come from?

A

Midbrain

33
Q

What does CNIV do?

A

Innervates superior oblique muscle that moves the eye

34
Q

How do you test for CNIV?

A

Check movement of the eye

35
Q

What is the pathway of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Pons->trigeminal ganglion -> opthalmic -> superior orbital fissure

36
Q

What is the pathway of the CNVb?

A

Pons-> trigeminal ganglion -> foramen rotundum -> pterygopalatine space

37
Q

What is the pathway of CNVc?

A

Pons-> trigeminal ganglion -> foramen ovale -> infratemporal fossa

38
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Infraorbital - comes from the floor of the orbit

Superior alveolar- teeth and gums and nerve blocks

39
Q

Where do the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve go to?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve - exits as mental nerve

40
Q

What is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Lingual nerve

41
Q

What is the pathway of CNVI?

A

Between pons and medulla-> cavernous sinus-> superior orbital fissure -> orbit

42
Q

Where does CNVI come from?

A

Pons

43
Q

What does CNVI do?

A

Innervates lateral rectus muscle that moves the eye

44
Q

How do you test for CNVI?

A

Check eye movements

45
Q

What can a problem with cranial nerve VI cause?

A

Double vision

46
Q

What causes problems with cranial nerve VI?

A

Raised intercranial pressure

47
Q

What are the branches of CNVII?

A

Greater petrosal sinus
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
Chorda tampani
Nerve to stapedius

48
Q

Where doe CNVII go through?

A

Petrous bone ( internal auditory meatus)

49
Q

What does CNVII do?

A

Anterior 2/3s of tongue
Autonomic - lacrimal glands, mucosal glands, salivary glands
Motor- muscles of facial expression, dampens excessive vibration for the bones of inner ear
General sensory- small area of the ear

50
Q

How do you test for CNVII?

A

Corneal reflex and use muscles of facial expression

51
Q

What happens when facial nerve is damaged?

A

Hyperacusis
Dry eyes- eye ulcers
Altered taste

52
Q

What is the pathway of CNIII?

A

Cochlear semi circular canal -> internal acoustic meatus -> lower pons

53
Q

What does CNVIII do?

A

Hearing and balance

54
Q

How do you test for cranial nerve VIII?

A

Testing hearing

Enquiring balance

55
Q

What is the cause of problems of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Pathology of semi circular canals

56
Q

What are the signs associated with damage in the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Vertigo

Acoustic neuroma

57
Q

What is the path of CNIX?

A

Goes through the jugular foramen

58
Q

Where does CNIX come from?

A

Medulla

59
Q

What does CNIX do?

A

General sensation- palatine tonsils and Oro pharanyx, middle ear and tympanic membrane, sensory from carotid body and sinus
Special sensory- taste and general sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Innervates parotid gland- parasympathetic innervation
Supplies one muscle involved in swallowing

60
Q

What is the path of CNX?

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath -> through neck into thorax and abdomen

61
Q

Where does CNX come from?

A

Medulla

62
Q

What does CNX do?

A

Sensory to lower pharanyx and larynx, muscles of soft palate

Parasympathetic to thorax - heart

63
Q

How to test for CNX?

A

Check patients speech, cough and ability to swallow , gag reflex and check uvula does not move off the midline

64
Q

What is the path of CNX?

A

Medulla-> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath -> through neck into thorax and abdomen

65
Q

Where does CNX come from?

A

Medulla

66
Q

What does CNX do?

A

Sensory to lower pharnyx and larynx, muscle of soft palate and parasympathetic to the thorax

67
Q

What causes problems with CNX?

A 
Isolated leisions (rarely)
Injury to recurrent laryngeal following surgery
68
Q

What is the path of CNXI?

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> deep to SCM -> deep to trapezius

69
Q

Where does CNXI come from?

A

Medulla

70
Q

What does CNXI do?

A

Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

71
Q

How to test for CNXI?

A

Shrug and turn head against resistance

72
Q

What is the path of CNXII?

A

Medulla -> hypoglossal canal -> medial to angle of mandible -> crosses internal and external carotid arteries

73
Q

Where does CNXII come from?

A

Medulla

74
Q

What does CNXII do?

A

Innervates the muscles of the tongue (except one)

75
Q

How do you test for it?

A

Inspection and movement of the tongue

Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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