Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Cranial nerves 1 to 12

Answer 1

Olfactory I
Optic II
Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Triageminal V
Abducens VI 
Facial VII 
Vestibulocochlear VIII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Accessory XI
Hypoglossal XII

Question 2

Olfactory nerve 
From:
Through:
To:
Clinical test:

Answer 2

From receptors of olfactory epithelium
Through: Cribform plate of ethmoid bone
To: Olfactory bulbs
Clinical test: Strong smelling substance under nose

Question 3

Optic nerve
From:
Through:
To:
Clinical test

Answer 3

Retina of eye
Optic canals of sphenoid bone
Diencephalon via optic chiasm

Shelley charts, test

Question 4

Oculomotor III, Trochlear IV and abducens VI
From
Through
To
Test

Answer 4

Eye
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid bone
To: Midbrain (III, IV) or pons (VI)
Follow pen across visual field. Pupillary light reflex

Question 5

Accessory XI
From 
Through
To
Test

Answer 5

C1-4 spinal cord
Foremen magnum (in), Jugular foremen (out)
Medulla oblongata, then sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
Shrug, turn head against resistance.

Question 6

Trigeminal nerve 3 branches, sensory/motor

Answer 6

Opthalamic (sensory)
Maxillary (sensory )
Mandibular (Sensory and motor - muscles of mastication)

Question 7

Trigeminal - sensory innervation (3)

Answer 7

Skin and structures of the face and scalp
Anterior 2/3 of tongue (lingual nerve V3)
Nasopharynx (Maxillary V2)

Question 8

Trigeminal V: motor innervation, branch and muscles

Answer 8

Maxillary branch V3

Muscles of mastication
Tensor veil palantini (soft palate)
Tensor tympani (middle ear)

Question 9

Trigeminal V1
Name, type
Through
To

Answer 9

V1: opthalamic, sensory
Through: superior orbital fissure via supraorbital foramen.
To: eye, eyelid, upper nasal cavity and skin of forehead.

Question 10

V2 Name, type
Through
To

Answer 10

Maxillary - sensory
Foramen rotundum
To: skin via infra orbital foramen
Maxillary teeth and palate (superior alveolar nerves)

Question 11

V3 name, type all through:

To, via (4)

Answer 11

Mandibular - sensory and motor. Through foramen ovale

Skin of lower lip and chin via Mental foramen (mental nerve)
Lower teeth via mandibular foramen (Inferior alveolar nerve)
Somatosensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue and floor of mouth (lingual nerve)

Motor to muscles of mastication and mylohyoid muscle

Question 12

Trigeminal damage will cause:
Sensory:
Motor

When might CNV be damaged?

Answer 12

Sensory: articulation difficulties
Motor: speech, mastication and swallowing difficulties

Facial surgery, lower brain stem strokes, V3 motor = wisdom tooth removal.

Question 13

Facial nerves innervation (3)

Answer 13

Motor to muscles of facial expression and stapidus muscle
Special taste to anterior of tongue (chorda tympani)
Parasympathetic secretomotor nerves to lacrimal glands and salivary glands

Question 14

Five motor branches of facial nerve VII

Where branch?

Answer 14

Branch at parotid gland

Temporal
Zygomatic 
Buccaneers
Mandibular 
Cervical

Question 15

Facial nerve exit cranium where? (2)

Answer 15

Sensory: internal auditory meatus = chorda tympani
Motor: stylomastoid foramen = 5 branches - muscles of facial expression

Question 16

Facial nerve VII

Damage before parotid gland =

Damage after parotid gland =

Damage on face =

Answer 16

Damage before parotid gland = loss of sensation and motor in all branches: facial paralysis, loss of lacrimation, loss of stapedius muscle

Damage after parotid gland = Taste and lacrimation incant. Facial paralysis on affected side

Damage on face = individual muscle groups lost

Question 17

Patient has tinnitus and difficulty understanding conversation. Has a middle ear infection
Possible cause?

Answer 17

Facial nerve VII affected by middle ear infection and innervation to stapidus muscle is affected.

Question 18

What is hyperacusis

Answer 18

Everything seems loud - poss Facial nerve VII - stapidius muscle

Question 19

Facial droop poss cause

Answer 19

Facial nerve VII damaged before or after middle ear

Question 20

Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
Exit cranium:
From:
To:

Answer 20

Internal auditory meatus
Inner ear
To: vestibular nuclei / cochlear nuclei in junction fo pons and medulla.

Question 21

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX

Through:

Answer 21

Jugular foramen

Question 22

Glossopharyngeal nerve innervation: (5)

Answer 22

Sensory to mucosa of pharynx - swallow/gag reflex
Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
Visceral sensation from carotid sinuses and bodies (CV and resp reflexes)
Secretomotor to parotid salivary glands
Motor to stylopharyngeous muscle

Question 23

Damage to CN IX will cause

Answer 23

Dysphagia - as sensory from mucosa of pharynx and motor to stylopharyngeos muscle affected.

Question 24

Vagus nerve X through

Answer 24

Jugular foramen

Question 25

Vagus nerve
Motor to:
Sensory to:

Answer 25

Motor to: muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate

Sensory to: mucosa of larynx, visceral sensation from thorax and abdomen.

Question 26

Damage to vagus nerve can cause:

Answer 26

Dysarthria: muscles of soft palate
Dysphagia: muscles of pharynx
Dysphonia: sensation from mucosa of larynx

Question 27

Vagus nerve clinical test

Answer 27

Say ahhh - soft palate should raise symmetrically

Cough

Question 28

Motor innervation to larynx

Answer 28

Vagus X

Recurrent laryngeal nerve - all except
Superior laryngeal branch - cricothyroid.

Question 29

Cough reflex which CN

Answer 29

Vagus X - sensory to mucosa of larynx

Question 30

Hypoglossal nerve through

Answer 30

Hypoglossal canal

Question 31

Hypoglossal XII innervates

Function

Answer 31

Motor to intrinic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus = CNX)

Voluntary movement of tongue = Articulation and swallowing