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CR 1 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The mediastinum starts at the ? and ends at the ?

A

thoracic inlet, diaphragm

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2
Q

Where is the sternal angle

A

T4/5, 2nd rib

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3
Q

Which out of inferior or superior mediastinum is divided into 3

A

inferior

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4
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the inferior mediastinum

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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5
Q

what is in the anterior mediastinum

A

bit of thymus, internal thoracic vessels, lymphatics: not much

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6
Q

what is in the middle Mediastinum

A

heart/ pericardium

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7
Q

what is in the posterior mediastinum and what level

A

oesophagus, descending aorta, azygous system, vagus nerve and sympathetic chain
T5-T12

NOTE: the oesophagus is anterior to the descending aorta).

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8
Q

what is the pneumonic for superior mediastinum

A

TVATOS

thymus, veins, arteries, trachea, oseophagus, sympathetic trunk

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9
Q

what are 4 branches of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk

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10
Q

describe the position of the vagus nerve

A

descends neck lateral to common carotid but medial to IJV, further down anterior to the subclavian

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11
Q

what are the 2 branches of the vagus nerve, and what do they descend between

A

R and L recurrent pharyngeal

trachea and oesophagus

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12
Q

what is the difference between R+L recurrent pharyngeal nerves

A

R: loops under R subclavian

L: loops under aortic arch

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13
Q

vagus carries on downwards and wraps around what?

A

oesophagus

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14
Q

what is the phrenic nerve rhyme

A

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive

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15
Q

the phrenic nerve is the most or least anterior our of thoracic nerves?

A

most

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16
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk found

A

posterior chest wall, lateral to vertebral bodies

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17
Q

grey rami go to all thoracic spinal nerves TRUE/FALSE

A

true

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18
Q

the first 5 ganglia in the thorax give postganglionic fibres to what 4 things

A

heart, aorta, lungs, oesophagus

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19
Q

the lower 8 ganglia in the thorax give preganglionic nerve fibres known as what ?

A

splanchnic nerves

20
Q

what nerve supplies foregut

A

greater splanchnic

T5-9

21
Q

what nerve supplies midgut

A

lesser splanchnic

T10-11

22
Q

what nerve supplies renals

A

least splanchnic

T12

23
Q

what supplies blood to thoracic wall (3)

A

descending aorta, subclavian artery, some vessels from axillary artery

24
Q

what does the internal thoracic artery come off

A

subclavian artery

25
Q

what does the internal thoracic artery supply

A

anterior intercostal arteries which anastomose with posterior IC arteries

26
Q

what do the posterior IC arteries come off

A

descending aorta
BUT
first 2 come off costocervical trunk

27
Q

the anterior intercostal vein drains into ? into ?

A

internal thoracic vein brachiocephalic vein

28
Q

posterior uses what venous drainage

A

azygos + hemiazygos

29
Q

R posterior IC vein drains into ? into ?

A

azygos vein, SVC

30
Q

L posterior IC vein drains into ? into ?

A

hemizygos vein (9-11 IC space) or accessory hemiazygos |(5-8IC space)

31
Q

where does hemizygos vein cross to azygos vein to SVC

A

T7/T8

32
Q

trachea bifurcation is called

A

carina (sternal angle/ transthoraic plane)

33
Q

how long is trachea

A

13cm

34
Q

trachea contains U shaped ?

A

hyaline cartilage

35
Q

where does trachea start and end

A 
below larynx (C6)
T4
36
Q

how long is oesophagus

A

25cm

37
Q

oesophagus starts where and goes where

A

c6 as continuation of pharynx

goes into thorax

38
Q

the cisterna chyli is the start of what

A

thoracic duct

39
Q

where does the thoracic duct go•

A

• Ascends through diaphragm through opening for aorta

Crosses midline at T4/T5 and runs left of oesophagus up the root of the neck

40
Q

where does L coronary artery go

A

across the coronary groove

41
Q

LCA is divided into 2 branches

A

circumflex

left anterior descending

42
Q

circumflex of LCA goes where and has a branch called

A

follows the groove to the posterior part of the heart. Supplies the left atrium/ventricle.

Left marginal: moves down left aspect of the heart- Left ventricle and apex of the heart.

43
Q

LAD

A

travels down the interventricular groove to the apex of the heart, where it turns around and anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery. supplies anterior 2/3 of septum and anterior R and L ventricle

44
Q

where does coronary sinus run

A

from L to R in posterior part of coronary groove

45
Q

what are the branches of the coronary sinus

A

Great cardiac vein: goes into coronary sinus from the left: travels from the anterior interventricular groove (front side of heart)

Left posterior interventricular vein: back of the heart, in the posterior interventricular groove.

Left marginal vein: lies on the left side of the posterior surface

Middle Cardiac Vein: right side of posterior surface. Anastomoses with great cardiac vein

The small cardiac: veins runs along the right marginal artery.

46
Q

what does coronary sinus drain into

A

RA

47
Q

valve auscultation pneumonic

A 
All= aortic
Prostitutes= pulmonary
Take= tricuspid 
Money= mitral

CR (1 decks)

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