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Nazi Germany - History > context / ww1 > Flashcards

context / ww1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some right wing ideas?

A
  • Prefer authoritarian government - power to one leader
  • Advocate strong military + foreign policy
  • Hostile to change
  • Less state involvement + Lower tax to encourage investment
  • hatred of communism
  • traditional ideals + marriage
  • nationalistic
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2
Q

What are some left wing ideas?

A
  • More power to working classes
  • Want radical social change
  • government heavily involved
  • distribution of wealth through tax
  • higher tax to the rich/businesses
  • revolution to overthrow capitalist driven wars
  • hatred of capitalism
  • government controls industry, transport, employment and stops rich becoming too rich
  • vast programme of social welfare
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3
Q

What are some democratic ideas in Germany?

A
  • Reichstag fully elected by universal male suffrage
  • People can vote ; over 80% voted
  • People are encouraged to vote
  • Federal system; people represented USPD, SPD, etc
  • Free and fair elections
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4
Q

What are some no democratic ideas in Germany?

A
  • Kaiser picks Reichstag
  • Kaiser can remove people from government
  • He can dissolve Reichstag
  • Kaiser controls war
  • No state with individual rights
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5
Q

What were some Left Wing parties?

A

Extreme :
- German communist party (KPD)
- Independent socialists (USPD)
- Social Democratic Party (SDP)

  • German Democratic Party
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6
Q

What were some right wing parties?

A

Extreme:
- National Socialist german worker’s Party
- German Nationalist People’s Party (DNVP)

  • German People’s party (DVP)
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7
Q

What was the constitution like Pre WW1
——–> the KAISER :

A
  • King of Prussia - Hereditary monarch
  • Appointed/ Dismissed government
  • Could dissolve the Reichstag
  • Controlled foreign policy and armed forces
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8
Q

What was the constitution like Pre-WW1
———–> Reichstag

A
  • Members (deputies) elected by universal male suffrage
  • Could agree to or reject laws proposed by Kaiser or government
  • Could not remove the chancellor or government
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9
Q

What was the constitution like Pre-WW1
———–> Government: Chancellors and Other Ministers

A
  • Appointed/ Dismissed by Kaiser
  • Proposed new laws to the Reichstag
  • Not dependent upon support in the Reichstag to stay in office
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10
Q

What was the constitution like Pre-WW1
———–> Reichstrat

A
  • Assembly of ambassadors from the 26 state governments
  • Had veto on legalisation passed by Reichstag
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11
Q

What was the constitution like Pre-WW1
———–> Political parties

A
  • Conservatives
  • National Liberals
  • Progressives
  • SPD - socialists
  • Centre - Interests of catholics
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12
Q

What was the constitution like Pre-WW1
———–> Electorate

A
  • Also voted for local state assemblies
  • Written constitution but no statement of individual rights
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13
Q

Give an example of military success for Germany in 1916 and explain it:

A
  • Brusilov Offensive
  • largest Russian assault in WW1
  • Russians had capable commander (General Aleksey Brusilov)
  • He inflicted defeat on Austro Hungarian forces which their empire never recovered
  • Regained land lost to Central Powers early in war
  • Hapsburg Empire dependent on German support
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14
Q

What was the Brusilov Offensive?

A
  • Launched by Russia against Austro-Hungarian forces on Eastern Front
  • Four Russian armies against Austrian Hungaria - Germany helped their Allies
  • Eastern front = Western Ukraine, Poland, East Prussia
  • 500,000 died
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15
Q

When was the Brusilov Offensive?

A

4th June - 20th september 1916

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16
Q

How many German casualties by end of 1916?

A

1.5 million

17
Q

Who was Von Falkenhayn?

A
  • Prussian Minister of War
  • Commander of German army early WW1
  • Responsible for attack on French - Verdun
  • Didn’t believe he would win against Russia
18
Q

What was the Battle of Tannenburg?

A
  • East Prussia -> German Victory against Russia
  • August 26-30 in 1914
  • Successful attack of Russia -> Two large german soldier groups
  • All their force + attacked one group
  • Russia retreated
  • Germans took 92,000 prisoners, 30,000 Russians killed
19
Q

Why did von Falkenhayn believe in victory only in the West?

A
  • Had success in East
  • Couldnt knock Russia out
  • Allies weaker in the west - Gallopoli
20
Q

How did Germany cope with food shortages?

A
  • Frastz products
  • Black market
21
Q

What were there shortages of in Germany?

A
  • Coal
  • Fats
  • Clothes
22
Q

Why was opposition to war growing?

A
  • Food shortages
  • Resource shortages
  • Longer hours
  • Forced labour
23
Q

What party was created in April 1917 as result of arguments over the support of the war?

A

USPD

24
Q

How did Burgfrieden break down by end of 1917 ?

A
  • Calls for Peace resolution
  • Strikes
  • Protests
25
Q

What did the German Fatherland Party want?

A
  • To continue war and gain extra annexation of land
26
Q

What was the Treaty of Brest Litovsk and how did it improve the situation on home front?

A
  • All parties except USPD voted in favour of it
  • Gained Germany territory
  • Made it seem like war was succeeding
  • March 3rd 1918 -> Russia and Central powers signed
  • Russia allowed Finland, Georgia, Ukraine to become separate states
  • Give central powers to Baltics and Poland
27
Q

Who demanded Germany begin armistice negotiations?

A
  • Ludendorff
28
Q

What was agreed in the Revolution from Above?

A
  • Reichstag would have more powers, armistice
    negotiations would begin
29
Q

What was the economic impacts of the War?

A
  • in winter of 1917 -> food shortages due to allied blockade of Germany
  • Turnip winter
  • Shortage of fuel meant many people were freezing
  • Coal production only 90% of production in 1913
  • 1913-1918 mark lost 75% value
  • 1916 Hindenburg Programme
30
Q

What were political impacts of the War?

A
  • 1917 Burgfrieden breaking down
  • Radicals who opposed war broke with SPD and formed independent socialist party
  • July 1917, Reichstag voted for peace resolution
  • Hindenburg programme seen as forced labour, rural producers resented because of food prices low : production prices high
  • no support for war : 6.2m casualties
31
Q

what were the military impacts of the war?

A
  • controversial policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, USA joined Allies : April 1917
  • Russia defeated + accepted Brest Litovsk -> more resources + territory and germany only fighting on one front
32
Q

What were the social impacts of the war?

A
  • Many German workers bitter on restrictions of earnings during war; factory owners made fortunes
  • gap grew between social classes
  • Women called to work in factories, seen as damaging to traditional values
33
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

To defeat France before Russia could mobilise , then to focus resources on Russia. - invading france through Belgium
- Resistance from belgium troops + British Expeditionary force -> advancement slow
- Ludendorff + Hindenburg 2 victories against Russian forces

Nazi Germany - History (6 decks)

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