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Body log > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the six types of connective tissue

A
  • blood
  • loose
  • adipose
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • dense
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2
Q

define connective tissue

A

tissue that connects, supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs typically embedded with fibers/ collagen

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3
Q

what are the three structural components of connective tissue

A
  • cells
  • fibres
  • ground substance
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4
Q

what are fibroblasts

A

produce fibers and extracellular matrix

important in wound healing

  • large nuclei
  • secrete collagen and elastin
  • main connective tissue cells
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5
Q

what are fibrocytes

A
  • less active fibroblasts
  • involved in tissue maintenance
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6
Q

what are adipocytes

A

store energy in form of fat and provide insulation and cushioning

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7
Q

what are mast cells

A

involved in immune responses especially allergic reactions by releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators
located near blood vessels

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8
Q

what are macrophages

A

immune cells responsible for phagocytosing pathogen, dead cells and debris

  • fixed so permanently reside in a particular connective tissue/ organ
    in connective tissue called histocyte
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9
Q

what is the difference in cells in white and brown adipose

A

white: unilocular
brown: multilocular

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10
Q

what are unilocular adipocytes

A

single enormous lipid droplet

nucleus cytoplasm and organelles squeezed to periphery

function: padding, shock absorber, insulation and energy reserve

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11
Q

what are multilocular

A

multiple small lipid droplets

nucleus, organelle, cytoplasm in centre

function: provides insulation and energy reserve

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12
Q

what are the two types of fibers found in connective tissues

A

collagen
elastic

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13
Q

describe type I collagen

A

fibrils aggregate into fibres and fibre bundles (skin, tendons)

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14
Q

describe type II collagen

A

fibrils do not form fibres (present and elastic cartilage)

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15
Q

describe type III collagen

A

fibrils form fibers around muscle, nerve cells and adipocytes and within lymphatic tissues and organs = RETCULIN

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16
Q

describe type IV collagen

A

present in basement membrane

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17
Q

what is the primary component of elastic fibres

A

elastin

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18
Q

what do elastic fibres do

A

enfolds and is surrounded by microfibrils called fibrillin (a glycoprotein)

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19
Q

where are elastic fibres found

A

dermis
artery walls
lungs
elastic cartilage

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20
Q

what are reticular fibres

A

thin delicate fibres made of type III collagen

function: form mesh like network that provides structural support in soft tissues

location: liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

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21
Q

what is ground substance

A

key component in extracellular matrix
- amorphous gel like substance that fills space between cells and fibres
- provides a medium through which nutrients, gases, and waste products to diffuse between cells and blood vessels

22
Q

what are the components of ground substance

A
  • glycosaminoglycans
  • proteoglycans
  • glycoproteins
23
Q

what are glycosaminoglycans

A

long unbranched polysaccharides that attract water to give ground substance its gel like consistency

24
Q

what are proteoglycans

A

proteins attached to GAG chains they help trap water contributing to viscosity

25
Q

what are glycoproteins in ground substance

A

adhesive molecules that help cells adhere to the ECM

26
Q

what are the functions of the ground substance

A
  • hydration
  • support
  • nutrient diffusion
  • cell adhesion and migration
  • resistance and compression
27
Q

what are the two types of proper connective tissue

A
  • loose
  • dense
28
Q

what are some example of loose connective tissue

A

areolar tissue, adipose, reticular tissue, mucoid

29
Q

what are some examples of dense connective tissue

A

regular and irregular

30
Q

give features of loose CT

A
  • loosely arranged fibers, more ground sub
  • flexible and cushioning
  • more cells like fibroblasts
  • under skin, blood vessels and surround organs
31
Q

give features of dense CT

A
  • densely packed fibers mostly collagen
  • provides strength and resistance to tension
  • fewer cells and less GS
  • found in tendons, ligaments and dermis
32
Q

where is mucoid CT found

A

umbilical cord
virteous humor of eye

33
Q

what fibers are present in mucoid CT

A

type III collagen

34
Q

what cells are present in mucoid CT

A

immature fibroblasts

35
Q

describe the arrangement of fibers in regular dense

A

collagen fibers are aligned in parallel bundles

36
Q

what does the parallel arrangement of fibers in regular dense CT allow for

A

resist pulling forces in a single direction

37
Q

give an example of where regular dense CT is found

A

tendons and ligaments

38
Q

what types of collagen are found in tendons

A

type I and III

39
Q

what are collagen fibers packaged into in ligaments

A

fascicles separated by loose CT and ground sub

40
Q

give an example of where irregular dense CT is found

A

superficial layer of dermis

41
Q

why does the skin need irregular dense CT

A

to resist forces in multiple directions

42
Q

what do elastic fibers in skin allow for

A

degree of stretch and restoration to original shape

43
Q

what is fascia made up of

A

fibrous connective tissue containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in wavy parallel pattern to direction of pull

44
Q

what is fascia able to resist

A

unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern fibers have been straightened out

45
Q

give three examples of clinical correlates of connective tissue disorders

A
  • scurvy
  • Marfan’s syndrome
  • osteogenesis imperfect-mutation
46
Q

how does scurvy affect connective tissue

A

Vit C deficiency
- Vit C requires for intracellular production of pro-collagen which hydroxylates proline and lysine
- without vit C body cannot form stable collagen leading to weakened CT and blood vessels and skin

47
Q

what are the symptoms of scurvy

A
  • gum disease and tooth loss
  • bruising of skin and hair loss
  • bleeding
  • poor wound healing
  • weakness and fatigue
  • impaired bone development
48
Q

what is Marfan’s syndrome

A

autosomal dominan disorder in which the expression of the fibrillin 1 gene is affected so elastic tissue is abnormal

  • sufferers are extremely tall and arachnodactyly, frequent joint dislocation, span greater than height
49
Q

how are the elastic fibers in Marfans defective

A

abnormally formed or reduced affecting tissues that rely on elasticity like aorta, ligaments and skin

50
Q

what is osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bone disease

due to mutated collagen fibers that do not knit together or not enough produced

51
Q

what is the origin oof osteogenesis imperfecta

A

different genetic aetiologies

52
Q

what are the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta

A
  • weakened bones
  • short
  • blue sclera
  • hearing loss
  • hypermobility
  • poor teeth

Body log (8 decks)

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