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Botany > Comprehensive Exam (Botany) > Flashcards

Comprehensive Exam (Botany) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which best describes a petroplant?
A

a. a plant species that produces liquid hydrocarbons, usually in a milky latex

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2
Q
  1. Most humans no longer rely directly on plants for medicine.
A

b. false

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3
Q
  1. Which is not a scientifically documented plant-human connection?
A

c. people who can see plants while they work are more relaxed, get sleepy and have difficulty concentrating

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4
Q
  1. Which statement is true?
A

b. plants are immobile…which creates lots of challenges

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5
Q

The two most common monosaccharides in plants is _______, a product of photosynthesis, and _______, a sugar found in fruits.

A

a. glucose, fructose

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6
Q
  1. The most abundant substance in a primary cell wall is ____.
A

c. cellulose

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7
Q
  1. Which is mismatched?
A

c. tannin - alkaloid

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8
Q
  1. Which is not a function of secondary metabolites?
A

e. regulates cellular respiration

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9
Q
  1. Which plant molecule is found in secondary cell walls, fungi cannot digest it, and has great compressional strength.
A

c. lignin

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10
Q
  1. Plants lack bones but they have ____ and _____ that provide strength and support both to the cell and to the plant body.
A

c. cell walls, turgidity

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11
Q
  1. Osmophores and hydathodes are both examples of cells found in the _______ tissue system.
A

c. dermal

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12
Q
  1. Which organelle is connected to the nuclear envelope?
A

d. endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q
  1. Which is NOT a function of endoplasmic reticula?
A

b. releases ATP from food molecules

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14
Q
  1. Which endoplasmic reticulum is involved in secretion of lipids?
A

b. smooth

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15
Q
  1. The disc-like structures that form the grana in a chloroplast are called ___.
A

a. thylakoids

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16
Q
  1. Which plastid synthesizes and stores starch?
A

c. amyloplast

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17
Q
  1. Which plastid synthesizes and stores oils?
A

d. elaioplast

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18
Q
  1. Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts all develop from proplastids.
A

a. true

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19
Q
  1. The largest organelle in a plant cell is the ____.
A

b. vacuole

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20
Q
  1. In which cell structure would you find the tonoplast?
A

d. vacuole

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21
Q
  1. Which plant organelle functions like the lysosome in an animal cell?
    a. dictyosome
A

c. vacuole

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22
Q
  1. What is the primary role of cell sap?
A

a. maintains osmotic pressure within the cell

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23
Q
  1. Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for the movement of organelles within the cell?
A

a. microtubules

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24
Q
  1. Which would NOT be found in an animal cell?
A

a. plasmodesmata

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25
Q
  1. Plant cells form a cell plate during telophase; this event does not occur in an animal cell.
A

a. true

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26
Q
  1. Which is incorrect?
A

c. dermal - can form trichomes, glands, fibers

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27
Q
  1. Which best describes the epidermis?
A

a. pavement-like cells that form the outermost “skin” of the organs

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28
Q
  1. Which statement is correct about the epidermis?
A

d. epidermal cells prevent loss of water and prevent pathogens from entering into the plant

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29
Q
  1. Guard cells create an open stoma when the cells are___.
A

a. turgid

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30
Q
  1. In which tissue system could you find lots of cells with secondary walls?
A

c. vascular tissue system

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31
Q
  1. Which best explains why the starch found in wheat is different than the starch found in sweet potatoes?
A

b. the percentages of amylose and amylopectin differ in the two starches

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32
Q
  1. How are cellulose and starch alike?
A

a. both are composed of glucose subunits

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33
Q
  1. Which of the following could NOT be found in the vascular tissue of a pine tree?
    a. fiber
A

c. vessel element

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34
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of monocots and dicots?
A

b. they are both members of the Kingdom Plantae

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35
Q
  1. Which cell in a gymnosperm transports sucrose
A

c. sieve cell

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36
Q
  1. An albuminous cell is:
A

a. in phloem

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37
Q
  1. Which is NOT found in a sieve tube member?
A

b. nucleus

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38
Q
  1. Where are sieve areas found?
A

b. lateral walls of both sieve cells and sieve tube members

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39
Q
  1. Which pair of cells is most efficient and effective in transporting materials when ideal growing conditions are present?
A

b. vessel elements and sieve tube members

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40
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of sieve plates?
A

c. they are composed of many plasmodesmata

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41
Q
  1. A companion cell could be found in which tissue system/s?
A

a. vascular

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42
Q
  1. Which organelle forms a desmotubule?
A

c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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43
Q
  1. Which correctly shows the order of complexity in multicellular plants?
A

a. cells, tissues, tissue systems, organ systems

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44
Q
  1. Hard plant surfaces (i.e. pecan shells, coconut husks) are composed of modified ______ cells called ______.
A

a. sclerenchyma; macrosclereids

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45
Q
  1. Where would you most likely find lignin in a cell wall?
A

b. tracheid

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46
Q
  1. Which is NOT found in the dermal tissue system?
A

d. albuminous cell

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47
Q
  1. What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
A

a. DNA is present

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48
Q
  1. Which is true of sclereids?
A

a. they have primary and secondary cell walls

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49
Q
  1. Xylem:
A

a. can be formed from a primary meristem.

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50
Q
  1. Which feature is true of a fiber but not of a tracheid?
A

d. no pits are present

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51
Q
  1. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct?
A

e. phloem–guard cells and companion cells

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52
Q
  1. Which best explains why recent discoveries have resulted in referring to the cuticle as a “smart membrane”?
A

b. it allows 2-way transport of select molecules

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53
Q
  1. What problem can result from an open stoma?
A

b. small predators can enter into the leaf

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54
Q
  1. In order for a stoma to be formed by guard cells what must happen first?
A

b. potassium ions must be transported into the guard cells

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55
Q
  1. Which factor would cause stoma to close?
A

b. water deficit in the plant

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56
Q
  1. Which phloem cell has a nucleus and helps another phloem cell to perform its translocation function?
A

d. albuminous cell

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57
Q
  1. Which event occurs when bulliform cells lose water?
A

b. the leaf curls up to decrease surface area

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58
Q
  1. In which habitat(s) would you be more likely to encounter a plant with a multilayered epidermis?
A

c. dry

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59
Q
  1. Which complex tissue is responsible for water conduction?
A

b. xylem

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60
Q
  1. How many types of simple tissue can be found in phloem?
A

b. 2

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61
Q
  1. The material carried in resin ducts and latex ducts is produced by:
A

a. parenchyma cells

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62
Q
  1. Which conducting cells have tapered ends which overlap with the end of the next cell?
A

c. sieve cells and tracheids

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63
Q
  1. Is phloem a simple or complex tissue?
A

b. complex

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64
Q
  1. Which component of xylem and phloem is involved in short-range transport?
    a. fiber
A

b. parenchyma

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65
Q
  1. Which statement is correct?
A

b. phloem transports from a source to a sink

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66
Q
  1. A plant that produces only herbaceous stems can be an/a:

a. annual

A

e. a, b, and c are correct

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67
Q
  1. Where would a protoderm be found?
A

a. at the tips of roots and shoots

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68
Q
  1. Which best describes the ground tissue in a dicot herbaceous stem?
A

d. both a cortex and a pith

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69
Q
  1. Which of the following is not found in a monocot herbaceous stem?
A

c. vascular cambium is found between the phloem and xylem

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70
Q
  1. Which one or more of the following are found in the vascular tissue system of both monocot and dicot herbaceous stems?
A

c. tracheids

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71
Q
  1. Which statement is correct of a dicot stem?
A

d. the fascicular and interfascicular cambium increase the girth of the stem

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72
Q
  1. What part of the bark on a cork oak should NOT be removed if the tree is to live?
A

d. phloem

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73
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of diffuse porous wood?
A

b. vessel elements occur in both the earlywood and the latewood

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74
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of both sapwood and heartwood?
A

b. they are composed of the same kind of cells

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75
Q
  1. Which primary tissue would still be present in a cross section of a woody root?
A

b vascular

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76
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes phelloderm?
A

d. parenchyma

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77
Q
  1. The wax that impregnates the cell walls of cork cells is ____.
A

a. suberin

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78
Q
  1. Which one of the following is not part of the periderm?
A

d. sieve tube members

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79
Q
  1. Which one of the following is a part of the inner bark?
A

d. companion cells

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80
Q
  1. Vertically oriented phloem cells are produced by a ______ initial.
A

b. fusiform

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81
Q
  1. How many different kinds of cells could be produced by a ray initial?
A

a. 1

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82
Q
  1. A 100-year-old tree lacks primary meristems.
A

b. false

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83
Q
  1. What is the most common type of cell produced in the xylem of a pine stem in the spring?
A

b. tracheid

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84
Q
  1. An annual ring is composed of ____.
A

a. latewood and earlywood

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85
Q
  1. In which of the following situations would you NOT expect to find the formation of distinct annual rings in a woody stem?
A

a. temperature, rainfall, and light conditions show little variation

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86
Q
  1. Which produces the most growth?
A

a. vascular cambium

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87
Q
  1. What tissue composes most of a woody stem?
A

d. secondary xylem

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88
Q
  1. Wood density is determined by
A

b. a ratio of the amount of cell wall material to the amount of lumen

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89
Q
  1. Gas exchange in woody stems is accomplished by stomata.
A

b. false

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90
Q
  1. Which one or more of the following is/are true of a fibrous root system?
A

c. the radicle dies and is replaced by many small adventitious roots

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91
Q
  1. You would expect a hemiparasitic plant to have what kind of root?
A

c. haustorial

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92
Q
  1. Which part of a root is capable of responding to touch and gravity?
A

d. columella cells

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93
Q
  1. In what part of the root would you find an active ground meristem?
A

c. the zone of cell division

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94
Q
  1. Which one or more of the following is/are true of root hairs?
A

d. b and c are correct

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95
Q
  1. Which of the following would you expect to find in a cross section of a typical mature herbaceous dicot root?
A

c. a vascular cambium

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96
Q
  1. While visiting your aunt in Michigan, you see a beaver gnawing on a birch tree. You scare it off but not before it removed a strip of bark all the way around the tree. Despite building a fence around the tree to prevent additional damage, the tree dies after a few months. The first event that would occur in this tree’s death would be ____.
A

d. death of the roots of the tree, because they would no longer be able to receive carbohydrates from the leaves

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97
Q
  1. The primary purpose of the Casparian strip is:
A

d. to prevent minerals from moving passively into the stele

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98
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of bark?
A

a. it is composed of phloem plus periderm

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99
Q
  1. Which root structures are immediately destroyed during secondary growth?
A

a. the endodermis, epidermis, and cortex

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100
Q
  1. Which is true of the pericycle in a monocot root?
A

c. it is responsible for the formation of branch roots

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101
Q
  1. Root mucigel or cell slime
A

b. may be formed by bacteria

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102
Q
  1. Which could you learn from a woody stem that has either compression wood or tension wood?
A

b. the stem had grown horizontally, not vertically

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103
Q
  1. Which cell remains undifferentiated and is capable of continued mitosis?
A

c. initial cell

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104
Q
  1. Which of the following will be responsible for primary growth in plants?
A

c. apical meristem

105
Q
  1. Which is true of the vascular cambium in a dicot stem?
A

e. the interfascicular cambium only produces secondary growth

106
Q
  1. In what order would you pass through tissues when moving from the pith to the epidermis in a plant possessing secondary vascular tissue?
A

b. 1° xylem, 2° xylem, vascular cambium, 2° phloem, 1° phloem

107
Q
  1. In a young root, the sequence of tissues from the outside to the center is:
A

b. epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, primary phloem, primary xylem

108
Q
  1. Primary tissues arise:
A

b. from the three primary apical meristems

109
Q
  1. A basal meristem increases the _____ of a _____.
A

d. length, stem

110
Q
  1. An intercalary meristem:
A

b. increases the length of an internode

111
Q
  1. Which cell structure is directly responsible for causing derivative cells to elongate?
A

c. vacuole

112
Q
  1. What is the function of the pericycle in a monocot root?
A

d. forms branch roots

113
Q
  1. The illustration below shows a vascular cambium (the ring). In the vascular cambium are two fusiform cells. Which fusiform cell increases the size of the vascular cambium, the one on the left or the one on the right?
A

a. left

114
Q
  1. In which portion of the root are most of the water and minerals absorbed?
A

c. zone of cell maturation

115
Q
  1. A mutation occurs and a dorsiventral leaf’s anatomy is now upside down (i.e. the lower epidermis is on top). What would be the consequence of this change?
A

d. stomata are directly exposed to the sun and more water is lost from the plant

116
Q
  1. Which best explains why leaves need many veins?
A

c. leaves make sugars which are transported out of the leaf for either storage or energy to other living cells

117
Q
  1. Monocot leaves usually differ from dicot leaves in that monocot leaves have:
A

d. parallel venation

118
Q
  1. Which best explains why a leaf with isobilateral orientation has stomata in both epidermal layers?
A

b. their orientation results in similar environments on both sides of the leaf

119
Q
  1. Which would be more likely in a dorsiventral leaf?
A

b. the cuticle is thicker on the upper epidermis, more stomata in the lower epidermis

120
Q
  1. Which describes a mesophytic habitat?
A

b. moderate temperatures and rainfall

121
Q
  1. Which of the following explains why plants must thermoregulate?
A

d. growth rate declines as temperatures increase

122
Q
  1. Rubisco works best at approximately (number) ____ °F.
A

a. 70

123
Q
  1. For transpiration to work as a thermoregulation mechanism for plants which of the following must be true?
A

c. the habitat has abundant water in the soil

124
Q
  1. Which best describes a leaf boundary layer?
A

a. a thin zone of calm air surrounding the leaf

125
Q
  1. Which of the following is associated with more efficient cooling by convection?
A

c. a dissected margin

126
Q
  1. Where can bulliform cells be found?
A

d. in one epidermal layer of a monocot leaf

127
Q
  1. In a C3 leaf what is the primary responsibility of the bundle sheath?
A

b. loading or unloading transport materials into/out of the vascular tissue

128
Q
  1. Surface area and volume measurements were made on leaves from two different species (A, B) of woody trees. The average volume of the leaves of the two species was not significantly different; however the average surface area (SA) of Species A was 24.7 cm2 whereas the average for Species B was 3.4 cm2. What can you correctly predict from this information?
A

c. Species A probably has a higher density of stomata per mm2 than B

129
Q
  1. Which of the following would you expect to find in a floating hydrophyte?
A

c. stomata only in upper epidermis

130
Q
  1. Which of the following would NOT help a leaf avoid gaining excess heat from radiation?
A

c. dark pigments in the leaves

131
Q
  1. Which of the following would be true for a shade leaf?
A

a. its internal temperature is cooler than a sun leaf

132
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT an advantage conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?
A

d. Cooling by transpiration is more effective.

133
Q
  1. The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily?
A

c. elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

134
Q
  1. By which method does a mature endodermal root cell obtain most of its minerals?
A

c. active transport

135
Q
  1. In a pine tree, the type of cell used to move water and minerals from one part to another is a:
A

a. tracheid

136
Q
  1. Which of the following pairs of cells do NOT have identical chromosome numbers in a given species of plant?
A

c. spore and zygote

137
Q
  1. Mitosis:
A

b. always produces copies genetically identical to the original parent cell

138
Q
  1. In a diplontic life cycle, ______ results in ______ and ______ results in ______.
A

d. meiosis; gametes; fertilization; the zygote

139
Q
  1. Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all three sexual life cycles have in common: 1) alternation of generations, 2) meiosis, 3) fertilization, 4) gametes, 5) spores
A

d. 2, 3, 4

140
Q
  1. A microspore produces a(n) ____ by _____ .
A

c. microgametophyte; mitosis

141
Q
  1. The products of the light-dependent reactions of C3 photosynthesis are:
A

a. used in the stroma

142
Q
  1. If Photosystem I was replaced by an electron acceptor that only captured electrons:
A

b. NADPH synthesis would stop

143
Q
  1. Which of the following is the best definition of photoautotropic?
A

c. plants can fix carbon from carbon dioxide and capture energy from the sun

144
Q
  1. In the members of the Plant Kingdom chlorophyll molecules are found in the ___.
A

b. thylakoid membranes

145
Q
  1. Which of the following are often limiting factors for photosynthesis?
A

c. carbon dioxide and water

146
Q
  1. What forms light harvesting units in members of the Plant Kingdom?
A

a. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, accessory pigments

147
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of a photosystem?
A

a. antenna molecules capture energy from the sun
c. electrons in the reaction center are excited to a higher energy level
e. a and c are correct

148
Q
  1. ATP is formed as a result of events in ___.
A

b. Photosystem II

149
Q
  1. Oxygen is released during events in ___.
A

b. Photosystem II

150
Q
  1. What are the products of the light dependent reactions?
A

a. oxygen, ATP, NADPH

151
Q
  1. What is photorespiration?
A

c. when rubisco joins with an oxygen molecule

152
Q
  1. Which are negative results from photorespiration?
A

a. no carbon is fixed and previously fixed carbon molecules are lost
b. no glucose is made
c. ribulose bisphosphate is not formed
e. a, b, and c are correct

153
Q
  1. The occurrence of photorespiration is higher in which environment?
A

a. dry, hot conditions

154
Q
  1. How does a C4 plant avoid photorespiration?
A

b. it uses rubisco in low oxygen cells

155
Q
  1. Where does carbon fixation occur in a C4 plant?
A

c. in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

156
Q
  1. Which cells in a C4 plant have few to no grana but lots of stroma?
A

b. bundle sheath cells

157
Q
  1. Rubisco is active in which cells in a C4 plant?
A

b. bundle sheath cells

158
Q
  1. Which plants would grow the fastest in warm, dry conditions with abundant light?
A

b. C4

159
Q
  1. Which plants would grow the fastest in cool, moist conditions with abundant light?
A

a. C3

160
Q
  1. How many times does carbon fixation occur in a CAM plant?
A

c. 2

161
Q
  1. The benefit of CAM photosynthesis is avoiding/decreasing which event?
A

a. water loss

162
Q
  1. In which type of photosynthesis are stomata open during the night but not during the day?
A

c. CAM

163
Q
  1. In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar?
A

c. in both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first carbon fixation

164
Q
  1. In green plants, the primary function of the light independent reactions is to:
A

d. construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide

165
Q
  1. Photorespiration:
A

d. involves rubisco in its capacity as an oxygenase

166
Q
  1. During the day, where would you find the highest concentration of oxygen in a C4 plant?
A

b. mesophyll cells

167
Q
  1. To promote plant growth, “grow lights” should produce light with what wavelengths?
A

e. red-orange and blue-violet

168
Q
  1. Water loss by transpiration must be balanced with:
A

b. having carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

169
Q
  1. CAM plants can keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they:
A

a. fix carbon dioxide into organic acids during the night

170
Q
  1. Which is true of C4 photosynthesis?
A

a. rubisco is active only in the bundle sheath chloroplasts

171
Q
  1. Which organelle(s) originated during primary endosymbiosis?
A

a. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
e. a and c are correct

172
Q
  1. Which three algae groups are thought to have originated via primary endosymbiotic events?
A

c. green algae, glaucophytes, red algae

173
Q
  1. Which best defines secondary endosymbiosis?
A

c. an eukaryotic cell was engulfed by an eukaryotic cell

174
Q
  1. All algal groups have members with:
A

b. chloroplasts with chlorophyll a

175
Q
  1. An organism has a pellicle and chlorophyll a and b. What is it?
A

a. euglenoid

176
Q
  1. The nuclei of dinoflagellates resemble those of:
A

e. no other algae

177
Q
  1. Stoneworts/brittleworts (Chara) and plants both have
A

b. multicellular gametangia

178
Q
  1. The euglenoids have been classified as protozoa, protista, plants and animals. Why the confusion?
A

d. like most protists, they don’t fit neatly into other categories

179
Q
  1. Which group of algae have members that are bioluminescent?
A

c. dinoflagellates

180
Q
  1. The presence of a chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum can best be described as the result of:
A

c. a heterotrophic aerobic eukaryotic cell engulfing a photoautotrophic eukaryotic cell

181
Q
  1. Which one or more of the following is true of diatoms?
A

d. their cell walls form deep deposits on the ocean floors

182
Q
  1. In which algae is chlorophyll a masked by the presence of chlorophyll c and the pigment fucoxanthin?
A

c. brown algae

183
Q
  1. Which of the statement(s) below best explain(s) Spirogyra’s (water silk) haplontic life cycle:
A

c. only the haploid phase is capable of mitosis

184
Q
  1. In the diplontic life cycle of the rockweed (Fucus) how are the gametes formed?
A

c. within the oogonia and antheridia by meiosis

185
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about dinoflagellates is FALSE?
A

a. They have three or more flagella in grooves.

186
Q
  1. This algae group has condensed chromosomes, no eyespot, chlorophyll a, c and phycobilins.
A

b. Cryptophyta

187
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about euglenoids is FALSE?
A

d. Most have a cell wall

188
Q
  1. In the diplohaplontic life cycle of Ulva (sea lettuce) spores are formed:
A

d. from sporangia on the margin of the sporophyte

189
Q
  1. Which best describes a nucleomorph?
A

b. a vestigial endosymbiont with a chloroplast and remains of a nucleus within an eukaryotic cell

190
Q
  1. Which alga is often described as a mesokaryote?

A

b. dinoflagellate

191
Q
  1. Red tide is caused by a bloom of:
A

c. dinoflagellates

192
Q
  1. What is the function of an ejectosome?
A

b. when released it rapidly propels the algae backwards

193
Q
  1. Which best describes an algae that is mixotrophic?
A

b. it can switch back and forth between photoautotropic and heterotrophic

194
Q
  1. Which phylum is composed of only multicellular members, mostly found in cold, marine waters and are morphological and anatomically complex?
A

d. Phaeophyta

195
Q
  1. This species has 2 flagella, no cell wall but is covered in calcified scales, with chlorophyll a and c.
A

b. Prymnesiophyta

196
Q
  1. What is the function of a haptonema?
A

d. b and c are correct

197
Q
  1. Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
A

d. green algae - alginic acid

198
Q
  1. Phylogeny refers to the:
A

d. evolutionary history of an organism.

199
Q

1) Which pigment is present in the red algae but is not found in any other algae member in the Kingdom Protista?

A

c. chlorophyll d

200
Q

2) Which statement is incorrect in regards to the reproductive cycle of Polysiphoni?

A

c. trichogyne – captures swimming sperm

201
Q

3) What is released by the red algae male gametophyte?

A

c. spermatia

202
Q

4) Which compound listed below is harvested from red algae, a very common component in processed foods, and may be harmful to human when eaten?

A

b. carrageenan

203
Q

5) Which compound has recently been discovered in some red algae?

A

c. lignin

204
Q

6) Which is thought to have been the first of the nonvascular plants to move to land?

A

a. liverworts

205
Q

7) Which feature(s) below is/are found in the non-vascular plants?

A

a. rhizoids

206
Q

8) Which of the following is/are found in liverworts?

A

c. oil bodies and elaters

207
Q

9) Which of the following is true of the nonvascular plants?

A

d. they produce only one kind of gametophyte

208
Q

10) Which structure in a moss sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge?

A

b. peristome

209
Q

11) The moss capsule is covered by a haploid _____.

A

a. calyptra

210
Q

12) How is reproduction different between mosses and liverworts?

A

d. liverworts form archegoniophores and antheridiophores, mosses do not

211
Q

14) Gemmae are involved in ____ reproduction.

A

b. asexual

212
Q

15) In which of the nonvascular plants is spore dispersal aided by hygroscopic elaters?

A

a. liverwort

213
Q

16) Which one or more of the features listed is/are NOT found in hornworts?

A

d. oil bodies in the thallus

214
Q

17) Which one or more of the following is/are true of a hornwort?

A

a. no capsule is formed
b. there is no seta
e. a, b, and c are correct

215
Q

18) Which feature is the reason hornworts deserve the name hornworts?

A

b. they have an intercalary meristem in their sporangia

216
Q

19) Mosses share which of the following with the green algae?

A

a. a common chloroplast lineage

217
Q

20) The gametophyte generation of a moss

A

c. is haploid

218
Q

21) Which of the following best describes both the mosses and the liverworts?

A

c. both use gemmae for asexual reproduction

219
Q

22) Which of the following best explains why the non-vascular plants failed to dominate the earth’s terrestrial habitats?

A

b. the dominant phase of the life cycle lacks vascular tissue and a well-developed cuticle

220
Q

23) One innovation important to the survival of the nonvascular plants on land was ___.

A

c. the egg is retained within the archegonium

221
Q

24) Which is true of ALL seedless vascular plants?

A

c. biflagellate sperm

222
Q

25) A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. This student has probably found a(n) _____.

A

c. lycophyte sporophyte

223
Q

26) Which would be present in Selaginella but would not be present in Lycopodium?

A

c. microspores

224
Q

27) Seedless vascular plants

A

b. have functional stomata

225
Q

28) Which one or more of the features below are found in the seedless vascular plants but are not found in the non-vascular plants?

A

a. true leaves
c. true roots
d. a and c

226
Q

29) All seedless vascular plants have

A

c. tracheids and sieve cells

227
Q

30) In terms of alternation of generations, pollen of seed-producing plants is equivalent to a:

A

c. fern gametophyte that bears only antheridia

228
Q

31) The gymnosperms, non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and the green algae all have

A

b. the same photosynthetic pigments

229
Q

32) Which feature(s) is/are found in Equisetum plants?

A

b. formation of sporangiophores

230
Q

33) Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?

A

b. Carboniferous forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants.

231
Q

34) Assuming that they all belong to the same fern, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. spores 2. sporophylls 3. sporophytes 4. sporangia

A

c. 3, 2, 4, 1

232
Q

35) Which is absent in the seedless vascular plants but present in the non-vascular plants?

A

a. sporophyte permanently attached to the gametophyte

233
Q

36) In most ferns the sporangia are in clusters called ___.

A

b. sori

234
Q

37) Which best describes how spores are released in a fern?

A

b. explosively

235
Q

38) Some ferns can control the formation of gametangia on other nearby fern prothalli.

A

a. true

236
Q

39) Fern archegonia are often found near the ____ of the gametophyte.

A

a. apical notch

237
Q

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ____.

A

c. ferns

238
Q

41) Which best describes the origin of the whisk fern?

A

d. it is most closely related to the ferns

239
Q

42) In a fern the zygote develops in the:

A

a. archegonium

240
Q

43) Which one or more features listed below is/are found on the whisk fern?

A

e. both c and d are correct

241
Q

44) What is a difference between Selaginella (spike moss) and Lycopodium (club moss)?

A

b. the gametophyte of Selaginella develops inside the spore wall; in Lycopodium the gametophyte grows out of the spore

242
Q

45) Which of these statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

A

a. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

243
Q

46) Which feature would be found in the nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants and the gymnosperms?

A

a. archegonium

244
Q

47) In pine, when a microspore mother cell divides, the immediate products are:

A

c. 4 microspores

245
Q

48) Which one or more of the features listed is/are true of all gymnosperms?

A

e. one of the above answers is incorrect

246
Q

49) Which cell in a pine microgametophyte is responsible for forming two sperm cells?

A

c. generative cell

247
Q

50) Pollen is another name for the ____.

A

c. microgametophyte

248
Q

51) The outer wall of a pine microgametophyte originated from the ____.

A

a. microspore

249
Q

52) What does a very young gymnosperm sporophyte have than very young seedless vascular plant sporophytes do not have?

A

a. sporophyte is encased in a protective coating
b. sporophyte can stay dormant for an extended time
d. a and b are correct

250
Q

53) In pines, microspores are produced from ___ by ____.

A

d. microspore mother cells: meiosis

251
Q

54) What is responsible for the actual pollination in pines?

A

b. pollination droplet

252
Q

55) Within a single pine ovule, how many megaspores are responsible for producing a megagametophyte?

A

a. 1

253
Q

56) Arrange the parts of a pine ovule in order from the outermost layer to the innermost.
A = archegonium B = megasporangium C = megagametophyte D = integument E = egg

A

b. D, B, C, A, E

254
Q

57) In pines _____ sperm cell(s) travel through the pollen tube to the megagametophyte where ____ sperm cell(s) is/are involved in fertilization.

A

a. 2, 1

255
Q

58) Which phyla of gymnosperms contains the most species?

A

c. Pinophyta

256
Q

59) Which gymnosperm phylum has flagellated sperm, forms a pollination droplet, a seed with a fleshy integument, and edible (??) seeds?

A

d. Ginkgophyta

257
Q

60) Which gymnosperm phylum has pollinators, pinnately compound leaves, large cones, 3-celled pollen, and flagellated sperm?

A

a. Cycadophyta

258
Q

61) This gymnosperm phylum contains members with broad angiosperm-like leaves, a species in which both sperm are involved in fertilization, vessel elements, and one in which the egg migrates to the pollen tube.

A

b. Gnetophyta

Botany (2 decks)

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