Complications of MI

Question 1

Cardiac arrest features

Answer 1

VF- MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEATH FOLLOWING MI

Question 2

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 2

The ejection fraction decreases

INOTROPIC SUPORT- intra aortic balloon pump

Question 3

Chronic Heart Failure

Answer 3

Dysfunctional ventricular myocardium
Loop diuretics - furosemide will decrease fluid overload
Ace-inhibitors and beta-blockers- improve long-term prognosis of patients

Question 4

Tachyarrhythmias

Answer 4

VF- most common

VT

Question 5

Bradyarrhythmias

Answer 5

AV block

RCA affected

Question 6

Pericarditis

Answer 6

First 46 hours following transmural
Worse on lying flat
Pericardial rub- pericardial effusion demonstrated

Dressler’s syndrome- 2-6 weeks following MI
Fever, pleuritic pain, pericardial effusion and raised ESR

Question 7

LV aneurysm

Answer 7

Weakened myocardium- aneurysm formation
Persistent ST elevation and LV failure
Thrombus within aneurysm- increasing risk of stroke
ANTICOAGULATE

Question 8

LV free wall rupture

Answer 8

This is seen in around 3% of MIs and occurs around 1-2 weeks afterwards. Patients present with acute heart failure secondary to cardiac tamponade (raised JVP, pulsus paradoxus, diminished heart sounds). Urgent pericardiocentesis and thoracotomy are required.

Question 9

VSD

Answer 9

Rupture of interventricular septum- first week and seen around 1-2% of patients
ACUTE HF- pan systolic murmur

Question 10

Acute mitral regurg

Answer 10

COMMON with infero posterio infarction and due to ischaemia or rupture of the papillar muscle.
Acute hypotension and PULMONARY oedema.

Vasodilator therapy and require emergency surgical repair