competition and variation

Question 1

what are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 1

• plants
• animals
• fungi
• bacteria (prokryotes)
• protocis

Question 2

what are vertebrates?

Answer 2

animals with a backbone

Question 3

what are invertebrates?

Answer 3

animals withoout a backbone

Question 4

what is taxonomy?

Answer 4

a way of clssification
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- geneus
- species

Question 5

what might plants compete for?

Answer 5

• light
• water
• minerals
• space
• co2

Question 6

what might animals compete for?

Answer 6

• mates
• food
• territory
• water

Question 7

how do trees cope with the seasons?

Answer 7

• climb walls for sunlight
• they grow rapidly when the weather is wet and warm
• loose their leaves in winter (saving energy)
• fallen leaves provide a layer of warmth around the three base
• trees can reuse the nutrients after the leaves rot

Question 8

how do animals cope with seasons?

Answer 8

• hibernation (sleep through winter)
• migration (move soewhere warmer, wetter, and has more food)
• grow thicker fur
• change fur color

Question 9

what is variation?

Answer 9

differences between individuals in species

Question 10

what are the causes of variation?

Answer 10

-genetics
- environment
- both
- random mutation (change in DNA)

Question 11

what is dicontinuous variation?

Answer 11

charecteristics which only result in a certain value

Question 12

what is continuous variation?

Answer 12

any possible number in a range of numbers

Question 13

what are the 4 stages in the predator-prey cycle?

Answer 13

1. the prey population increases and individuals reproduce.
2. a large prey populatipon means that there is more prey for the predators and they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
3. a large pradator population means that more prey is going to be killed and eaten and the prey population will fall.
4. as the prey population falls, th pradator population will fall as well

Question 14

what is natural selection?

Answer 14

• Individuals within a population show variation (– just look around you)
• There is competition between individuals for food and mates, predation and disease also affect survival and reproduction
• Individuals better adapted for the environment are more
  likely to survive (– this is the survival of the fittest)
• These survivors pass on their genes to the next
  generations
• If populations split (usually geographically) and continue to undergo natural selection. Eventually the 2 populations have changed so much they become different species (they are no longer able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring).

Question 15

what does calling someone ‘fit’ in science mean?

Answer 15

it means that they have the ability to reproduce - they would make and atrractive mate

Question 16

what does it mean if a plant or animal is ‘fit’?

Answer 16

• the ability to survive in their environment
• this means they have to be well adapted to their environment

Question 17

what is natural selection also known as?

Answer 17

survival of the fittest