compendium 1 - what is life? Flashcards
define anatomy
- scientific discipline that investigates the structure of body parts and how they relate to each other
what are the levels of anatomy?
- gross (macroscopic)
- surface
- microscopic
- developmental
define gross anatomy and its two subdivisons
- structures examined without aid of microscope
systemic: body is studied system by system
regional: body is studied by area by area
define physiology
- the function of living things
what are the 6 levels of physiology?
- molecular
- cellular
- systemic
- neurophysiology
- renal
- cardiovascular
what are the six levels of organisation of the human body?
- chemical level: atoms combine to form molecules.
- cellular level: molecules combine to form organelles
- tissue level: numerous cells join together to form a tissue
- organ level: tissues (can be more than one type) form organs
- organ system level: one or more organs make up a system
list and describe the characteristics of organisms
- organisation: relationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions
- metabolism: chemical reactions taking place in an organism
- responsiveness: organisms ability to sense changes in its environment and to adjust accordingly
- growth: increase in size or number of cells
- development: changes an organism undergoes through time
- reproduction: formation of new cells or an organism
what is homeostasis?
- the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
what is the anatomical position?
- an erect person whose:
face is directed forward
arms are hanging by their side
palms of hands facing forward
describe supine position
- person laying face up
describe prone position
- person laying face down
define superior
- toward the head
define inferior
- toward the tail
define anterior
- toward the front
define posterior
- toward the back
define proximal
- nearest/toward
define distal
- distant/away
define medial
- toward the mid-line of te body
define lateral
- away from the midline of the body
define superficial
- close to the surface of
define deep
- towards the interior of
what are the 3 anatomical planes
- sagittal
- frontal
- transverse
explain the sagittal plane
- divides body into left/right portions
explain the frontal plane
- divides body into anterior and posterior
explain the transverse plane
- divides body into superior and inferior portions
explain the oblique plane
- plane that does not run parallel to the frontal or transverse plane
what are the 3 body cavities?
- thoracic
- abdominal cavity
- pelvic cavity
what are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity?
- mediastinum
- diaphragm
what are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity
- right/left upper
- right/left lower
what are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity
- right/left hypochondriac
- right/left lumbar
- right/left illiac
- epigastric
- umbilical
- hypogastric
what is the function of the serous membrane
- line the cavities in the trunk of the body and cover organs within these cabities
define parietal
- layer lines the trunk cavity
define visceral
- layer lines the organs
