Companion Animal Flashcards
1
Q
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) (female)
A
- Ovarian agenesis Dx (absence of oestrus) - test E2 levels to see if inc if ovarian tissue present
- Induces oestrus; follicular cysts to induce ovulation
- Dog
2
Q
PMSG = pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
A
- Absence of oestrus - requires daily admin of PMSG for 10d following injection of HCG (chorionic gonadotropin hormone)
- Bitch should start cycling 7d after, inc FSH + LH -> oestrus
- Induces oestrus
- Dog
3
Q
Cabergoline
A
- Absence of oestrus, luteal ovarian cysts
- Daily admin until day 2 after onset of PO
- Off license but better results
- Inhibits prolactin (maintains CL) -> short circuits oestrous cycle, gets bitch cycling again
- Induces oestrus
- Dog
4
Q
Prostaglandin (PGF2-alpha Dinoprost) (Lutalyse; Zoetius)
A
- Regression of luteal ovarian cysts but takes longer than P4, causes luteolysis (doesn’t work on follicular cysts as no CL present)
- Possible medical management for pyometra
- Endometritis - induces natural oestrus, delivery of WBCs to uterus, against T. pyogenes/E. coli
- Induction of parturition - what would be produced from placenta in parturition, can be used in combo w/ corticosteroids (150 - 270 days)
- Causes uterine contractions
- Interrupts CL + stops P4 production
- Canine CL not as responsive as other species
- Brachycephalic breeds susceptible to bronchospasm
- Need to ensure not pregnant + cervix is open
- Dog
- Cattle - 5 - 100 days (+/- 100 - 150 days)
5
Q
Vincristine
A
- TVT - given 0.025 mg/kg IV once weekly
6
Q
Osaterone acetate (Ypozane), delmadinone acetate (tardak), finasteride, deslorelin
A
- Anti-androgen therapy
- Ypozane = tablets - 1 w course -> suppresses prostatic enlargement for 5 m
- Tardak off-licence in dogs to dec testosterone for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- Deslorelin = suprelorin implant; castration implant, blocks production of FSH + LH, GnRH agonist, testicles shrink down in size, less testosterone
- Dog
- Ferret - hyperadrenocorticism (adrenal gland disease AGD)
- Exotics, carnivores, female hoofstock, primates (males/females) - prevent ovulation + sperm production (suprelorin), can take 6 - 8 w to work in males, may last twice manufacturer recommendation (12 - 24 m)
7
Q
Delmadinone acetate (Tardak)
A
- Progestogen (synthetic analogue of P4)
- Temporary heat postponement
- Not licensed for use in females
- Male dogs - hypersexuality, prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
8
Q
Megestrol acetate (Ovarid)
A
- Progestogen (synthetic analogue of P4)
- Short-acting
- Temporary postponement of heat (start just before pro-oestrus)
- No longer licensed, may become again
- SE: steroid effect, good for Tx of pruritis, but if e.g. cat in dioestrus pot -> CEH pyo (P4 -> inc thickness of uterus, secretions, glandular secretions); P4 -> insulin resistance -> diabetes mellitus
9
Q
Proligestone (Delvosteron)
A
- Cats, dogs, ferrets
- Progestogen (synthetic analogue of P4) - temporary heat postponement, only drug licensed
- Repeat injections in anoestrus/dioestrus
- Single injection in anoestrus/dioestrus
- Single injection at onset of pro-oestrus
- Not licensed in breeding male dog/cat
10
Q
Milbolerone
A
- Synthetic androgen analogue (-ive feedback on HPG axis, tissues less responsive to E2)
- Prolonged estrus postponement
- Unlicensed
11
Q
Testosterone (Durateston)
A
- Androgen (-ive feedback on HPG axis, tissues less responsive to E2)
- Prolonged estrus postponement
- Not available in UK
- Dec spermatozoa + spermatozoal motility
- SE: prostatic hypertrophy; not licensed for use for control of breeding in males
12
Q
Nandrolone
A
- Androgen (-ive feedback on HPG axis, tissues less responsive to E2)
- Prolonged oestrus postponement
- Licensed for CRF in cats
- SE: Masculising e.g. mounting behaviour, endometrial atrophy
13
Q
Deslorelin (Suprelorin implant)
A
- GnRH agonist (desensitises GnRH receptors in anterior pit gland, dec LH + FSH production)
- Prolonged oestrus postponement / delayed onset of oestrus in bitches
- Licensed for use in prepubertal female dogs only (implant admin between 12 - 16 w/o), induced temporary infertility to delay first oestrus, initial dose causes surge of pit hormone release, may inc fertility until down-regulation occurs
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - dec FSH + LH -> dec testosterone -> smaller prostate
- Castration implant: slow release, long-acting implant; causes initial 14 d testosterone surge, then levels dec, infertility after 6 - 8 w implantation, lasts up to 6 - 12 m, longer in lighter dogs
- Induces infertility in male + female ferrets (only licensed in ferrets)
- Ovarian cysts - guinea pigs
- Oestrogen-induced mammary carcinomas - rats
- Egg-laying disorders (egg binding) - birds
14
Q
Aglepristone (Alizin)
A
- Dog, cat, rabbit
- Misalliance/preg termination
- Anti-progestogen (synthetic steroid), acts on uterus - main licensed drug
- Competes w/ P4 at receptor level, strong affinity for receptors in uterus, true competitor of any agonists
- Bitch: 2 doses 24 h apart from d 1 to d 45 after mating
- Queen: 2 doses 24 h apart early after mating give better results (off-license)
- Give in dioestrus - check vag cyto to make sure not too early
- Expensive
- Induction of parturition (un-licensed)
15
Q
Oestadiol benzoate (Mesalin)
A
- Synthetic oestrogen - changes biochemical environment, affects transit time of zygote in ovduct, direct embryotoxic effects, early in preg (3 - 5 d post mating)
- Preg termination, no longer licensed
- SE: BM suppression, CEH, pyometra
- Cheaper
- Use Alizin
