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Introduction to the Newborn > Common Newborn Rashes and PE Findings > Flashcards

Common Newborn Rashes and PE Findings Flashcards

1
Q

plethora

A

deep, rosy red

polycythemia or over-heated

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2
Q

Harlequin coloration

A

line of demarcation; transient

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3
Q

Mottling

A

lacy pattern

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4
Q

pallor

A

washed-out/whitish

anemia, asphysxia, shock, PDA

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5
Q

central cyanosis

A

low oxygen saturation

congenital heart disease

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6
Q

acrocyanosis

A

hands and feet

after birth or with cold stress

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7
Q

jaundice/hyperbilirubinemia

A

pathological and/or physiological

  • abnormal if w/in 24h
  • after 24h, may be abnormal or physiological
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8
Q

how much bilirubin to be visible?

A

bilirubin over 5mg/dL

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9
Q

Estimate bilirubin: head only

A

5mg/dL

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10
Q

Estimate bilirubin:head to abdomen

A

10mg/dL

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11
Q

Estimate bilirubin: head to knees

A

15mg/dL

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12
Q

lanugo

A 
fine hair (especially on the shoulders)
increases with prematurity
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13
Q

vernix caseosa

A

greasy white material

after 35 weeks and sheds after 40-41w

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14
Q

milia

A

tiny, sebaceous retention cysts

  • chin, nose, forehead, cheeks
  • benign, disappear in few weeks
  • equivalent of Epstein Pearls on the palate
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15
Q

erythema toxicum neonatorum

A

red areas w/ yellow-white central papule

  • appear 48h–>10d after birth
  • benign; resolves spontaneously
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16
Q

acne neonatorum

A

cheeks, chin, forehead
comedones and papules
no tx usually; may be assc’d w/ acne vulgaris in adolescents
very common

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17
Q

thrush

A 
white patches on tongue and buccal mucosa
yeast
look for diaper rash
Nystatin ORALLY
very common
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18
Q

macular hemangiomas (capillary)

A

true vascular nevus
occipital, eyelids, glabella
disappear w/in 1 yr (neck lesions may persist into adulthood)

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19
Q

Mongolian spot

A

dark blue/purple bruise-like marks on back and buttocks
90% are AA or Asian; 5% white
disappear by age 4

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20
Q

Port wine stain

A

non-blanching, present at birth

DOES NOT REGRESS

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21
Q

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

A

glaucoma, seizure, and port wine stain over the forehead/lip

-get CT

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22
Q

strawberry hemangioma (cavernous)

A 
flat, br red, sharply demarcated on face
develpos w/in 6mos of life
70% regress by age 7
refer to ped ENT
laser surgery
vocal cord lesions possible
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23
Q

Cafe au lait spots

A

macular
~15% of babies will have at least one
>6 that are >1cm–>neurofibromatosis

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24
Q

> 6 cafe au lait spots that are >1cm

A

–>neurofibromatosis

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25
Q

anterior fontanelles close by how many mos

A

9-12mos

26
Q

posterior fontanelles close by how many mos

A

2-4mos

27
Q

Ddx for bulging fontanelles

A

inc ICP
meningitis
hydrocephalus

28
Q

DDx for depressed/flat fontanelles

A

dehydration

29
Q

molding

A

temporary asymmetry of skull secondary to birth trauma

30
Q

caput succedaneum

A

diffuse edematous swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp
may extend across suture lines
resolves in several days

31
Q

cephalohematoma

A

subperiosteal hem that NEVER extends across suture lines
skull fx in ~5% cases
resolve w/in 6w

32
Q

Simean Crease

A

transverse palmar crease

33
Q

Which Trisomy (21 or 18) has a grave prognosis?

A

Trisomy 18

34
Q

absence of red reflex in newborn

A

congenital cataracts

35
Q

absence of red reflex in older children

A

retinoblastoma

36
Q

choanal atresia

A

total blockage of the nasal passage

-remember newborns are obligate nasal breathers

37
Q

Epstein’s pearls

A

tiny sebeceous retention cysts

38
Q

most common heart defect

A

VSD

39
Q

loud, harsh, blowing, pansystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border

A

VSD

40
Q

harsh, continuous, machinery type murmur, rolling thunder, 2nd ICS on left side

A

PDA

41
Q

hyperactive precordium

A

PDA

will also have a wide pulse P and bounding pulses

42
Q

must check femoral pulses in the infant when they have this kind of murmur

A

coarctation of the aorta

43
Q

systolic ejection murmur, loudest in the back, radiates down the sternum to the apex

A

coarctation of the aorta

44
Q

systolic, bilateral anterior chest, both axillas, and across the back

may persist to 3mos old; physiological

A

peripheral pulmonic stenosis

45
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
VSD
overriding aorta
RVH

46
Q

cyanotic and a single 2nd heart sound

A

tetralogy of fallot

47
Q

short, midsystolic murmur anywhere from day 1-21

A

hypoplastic left heart

48
Q

T or F A small umbilical hernia is uncommon and should be worked up in a newborn.

A

F common (mc in AA and usually <1cm and resolve by 5yo)

49
Q

Indications for surgical repair of umbilical hernia

A
  • incarcerated
  • girls >2yo
  • all children >4yo
  • defect >1.5cm
50
Q

most common umbilical abnormality in the neonate that causes inflammation and drainage

A

umbilical granuloma

51
Q

treatment of an umbilical granuloma

A

silver nitrate stick

52
Q

erythema and edema of the umbilical region w/ or w/o drainage

A

omphalitis

53
Q

most cases of omphalitis are due to

A

poor hygeine and cord care

54
Q

treatment of omphalitis

A
  • admit and Abx (GN, Staph, and Strep)
  • septic w/u
  • ampicillin and gentamycin for sepsis and nafcillin for skin inf
55
Q

how long should it take for the cord to separate?

A

10-14d

56
Q

what is an abnormal amt of time for the cord to separate

A

> 3w

-think complement receptor deficiency if no separation

57
Q

when the child cries or strains, a bulge is seen above the umbilicus as the rectus abdominas is displaced laterally

A

Diastasis recti abdominis

  • common in infants and children
  • no fascial defect/risk of incarceration
  • differentiate from epigastric hernia
58
Q

a collection of fluid in the space surrounding the testicles between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

hydroceles

-R>L

59
Q

2 or more digits are fused together

A

syndactyly

60
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

clubfoot

-foot downward and inward w/ sole medial

61
Q

metatarsus varus

A

adduction of the foot

-usually resolves spontaneously

Introduction to the Newborn (3 decks)

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