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Sheet Metal 4th Year > Commercial HVAC > Flashcards

Commercial HVAC Flashcards

1
Q

What does BIM stand for?

A

Building Information Management

BIM includes all of the information related to the building process.

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2
Q

What must carefully be studied when compiling a job takeoff?

A

The plans and specifications

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3
Q

What is ACTS?

A

The Alberta Construction Tendering System

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4
Q

What does a bid bond guarantee?

A

That if the contractor is the low bidder, they will honor the bid

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a spec?

A

To describe the work to be done

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a schedule?

A

To provide information on what goes where

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7
Q

What is a change to a blueprint called?

A

A revision

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8
Q

What is a change to a specification called?

A

An addenda

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9
Q

What should always be read before starting a job?

A

The mechanical general notes

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10
Q

What point are all elevations derived from?

A

The datum point

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11
Q

What are changes to drawings referred to as?

A

As builds

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12
Q

What is the minimum distance from adjacent buildings, air intakes, or property lines for fan discharge?

A

85

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13
Q

What is the minimum distance from a roof surface for the outlet of a fan discharge?

A

40 inches

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14
Q

What is the maximum storage capacity of the grease collector?

A

1 US gallon

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15
Q

What type of force extracts grease through a baffle tape grease filter?

A

Centrifugal force

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16
Q

What is the optimum operating velocity of air through a baffle type grease filter?

A

150-300 fpm

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17
Q

What takes precedence over original drawings and specifications?

A

Addenda and revisions

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18
Q

What gauge of mild steel can be used in the construction of a commercial kitchen exhaust?

A

16 gauge mild steel

18 gauge mild steel can also be used in construction.

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19
Q

What gauge of mild steel is specified for other constructions?

A

18 gauge mild steel

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20
Q

At what length on a commercial kitchen exhaust canopy is it desirable to exceed?

A

When the canopy exceeds 10’

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21
Q

Where shall access doors be located for the purpose of cleaning and inspection?

A

Side or top

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22
Q

How much extra weight needs to be accounted for in commercial kitchen exhaust systems?

A

800 lbs

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23
Q

How much clearance must a commercial kitchen exhaust duct have?

A

18”

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24
Q

What is installed to suppress a flare-up prior to having heat damage?

A

Fire suppression system

A fire suppression system helps prevent fire hazards in kitchens.

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25
Q

In what orientation should commercial kitchen exhaust ducts be installed?

A

Vertically

Vertical installation helps in effective exhaust air removal.

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26
Q

What is the minimum air velocity through commercial kitchen exhaust ducts?

A

500 fpm or 152.4 m/minute

This minimum air velocity is necessary for proper ventilation.

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27
Q

How much make-up air is required in a commercial kitchen?

A

100%

Make-up air is essential to replace the air exhausted by kitchen hoods.

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28
Q

What is a control interlock panel used for in a commercial kitchen?

A

To ensure that when the exhaust fan is on, the make-up air unit is also on

This prevents negative pressure and maintains air balance.

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29
Q

How much overhang must a commercial kitchen canopy have per exposed side?

A

At least 6”

Proper overhang is critical for effective grease capture and ventilation.

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30
Q

What does a Type I hood capture that a Type II does not?

A

Grease

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31
Q

What are two basic styles of hoods?

A
  • Canopy
  • Non-canopy
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32
Q

List 4 types of canopy hoods.

A
  • Island
  • Wall
  • Corner
  • Slotted
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33
Q

List two types of non-canopy hoods.

A
  • Back
  • Shelf
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34
Q

List 4 items that could be part of the grease removal system.

A
  • Filters
  • Baffles
  • Air washers
  • UV technology
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35
Q

What 4 codes must a grease removal system meet when installed?

A

Alberta building code

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36
Q

What can be installed to reduce energy consumption in a building?

A

Heat recovery system

A heat recovery system captures waste heat from exhaust air to preheat incoming air, improving energy efficiency.

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37
Q

What is the recommended face velocity for a hood under normal conditions?

A

100 fpm

‘fpm’ stands for feet per minute, a measurement used for airflow.

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38
Q

What is the function of a kitchen canopy or hood?

A

Capture plume of heated air that is rising

Kitchen hoods help in maintaining air quality by removing heat, smoke, and grease from the kitchen.

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39
Q

What are the two main categories of commercial kitchen exhaust hoods?

A

Type I

Type I hoods are specifically designed for applications that involve cooking processes that produce grease and heat.

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40
Q

What are Type I hoods designed to handle?

A

Heat and grease laden effluents

These hoods are essential for safety and efficiency in commercial kitchens.

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41
Q

What are the two broad categories of Type I hoods?

A

Standard and Listed

‘Listed’ hoods are tested and certified by a recognized testing agency for specific applications.

42
Q

What type of pressure is found in a local exhaust ventilation duct?

A

Slightly negative pressure

43
Q

What occurs if face velocity in a hood exceeds 125 fpm?

A

Turbulence

44
Q

What is a blast gate also known as?

A

Slide damper

45
Q

When is plastic or PVC duct used on an industrial exhaust system?

A

For corrosive or toxic fumes are to be conveyed

46
Q

What is the best practice regarding centreline radius and number of gores?

A

Centreline of 2.5 and 7 gores

47
Q

What can be added to maintain velocity in a constant volume exhaust system?

A

Bypass dampers

48
Q

What 4 provisions must be considered when designing/installing a ventilation system?

A
  • Cleaning
  • Maintenance
  • Fire protection
  • Drainage

These provisions are essential for ensuring the system operates effectively and safely.

49
Q

What is the maximum face velocity when exhausting toxic fumes?

A

60-125 fpm

This range is critical to ensure safety and effectiveness in fume exhaust.

50
Q

What is another name for an auxiliary air fume hood?

A

Makeup air fume hood

This term refers to hoods that provide additional air to maintain proper ventilation.

51
Q

What is incorporated to maintain a desired face velocity on a variable air volume system?

A

A closed loop control system

This system adjusts the airflow to maintain the correct face velocity.

52
Q

What is the basic principle on how dilution ventilation works?

A

Blow clean air in and exhaust dirty air out

This method helps to reduce contaminants in the air by mixing clean air with polluted air.

53
Q

List 5 basic components in a local exhaust ventilation system.

A
  • Hood
  • Duct
  • Air cleaning device
  • Fan
  • Exhaust stack

These components work together to effectively capture and remove contaminants from the air.

54
Q

What may be required if a stack extends more than 10 feet above a roof?

A

A guy wire set which may be 3 wires minimum

Guy wires provide stability and support to tall structures.

55
Q

What is the result of exhausting large amounts of air without a proper system?

A

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas that can result from improper ventilation.

56
Q

What builds up in a duct that can increase the risk of flash fire or explosion?

A

Static electricity

Static electricity can ignite flammable materials in industrial settings.

57
Q

What can be used to avoid static buildup in a system?

A

Aluminum or copper ground wire

Ground wires help dissipate static electricity safely.

58
Q

What is the purpose of a well-designed industrial exhaust system?

A

Eliminate undesirable contaminants where protection of workers’ health is concerned

Effective exhaust systems are critical for maintaining air quality in industrial environments.

59
Q

Why do some industrial exhaust systems require special piping or designs?

A

There may be the possibility of corrosion or abrasion

Special materials are needed to withstand harsh chemicals or physical wear.

60
Q

In what orientation should branches be installed?

A

On their side or on the top

61
Q

For transitions, every 1 unit of change requires how many units?

A

5

62
Q

What can be provided for fan outlets if an elbow inlet is necessary?

A

An inlet box or turning vanes

63
Q

When designing an industrial exhaust system, if pipe size falls below a certain point, should you revert to the smaller pipe size to maintain velocity?

A

No

64
Q

Is it possible to not include certain types of machines when sizing a blow pipe system?

A

Yes

65
Q

What type of duct is used for class 5?

A

Plastic or stainless

66
Q

Class 5 applications consist of corrosives such as _______.

A

acid

67
Q

Which seam can be used for all five duct classes?

A

Butt weld seam

68
Q

Screws or rivets should be ______ maximum Center to Center?

A

6”

69
Q

How many inches of lap should there be on commercial pipe?

A

2”

70
Q

Class 1 only and 2 gauges heavier than chart values describe what?

A

Aluminum duct

71
Q

Elbows should have a centreline radius of what?

A

No less than twice but preferably 2.5 times the pipe diameter

72
Q

All branches should enter the main duct at what angle?

A

Not to exceed 45 with 30 degrees being preferred

73
Q

What are explosion doors used for?

A

To provide instantaneous pressure discharge

74
Q

How far should a hanger be from a joint?

A

At least 2 duct diameters

75
Q

What is the minimum distance in inches that a draw band joint should be?

A

4” minimum

76
Q

Why are expansion joints used?

A

To provide stress relief and absorb movement during extreme temperature changes

77
Q

A blast gate or slide damper is used for what?

A

When a positive seal is desired and to close off or isolate parts of a system

78
Q

Name 3 types of longitudinal seams.

A
  • Groove seam
  • Butt weld seam
  • Spiral seam
79
Q

Volume is measured in?

A

Cubic feet per minute (CFM)

CFM is a standard measurement for airflow.

80
Q

What is the formula to find CFM?

A

CFM = FPM x area

FPM refers to feet per minute, representing the velocity of airflow.

81
Q

Hoods located 4” from a source will require how many times the area?

A

4 times the area

This is to ensure adequate airflow capture.

82
Q

What 2 factors need to be considered when sizing a fan?

A
  • Appropriate size
  • Type

The size and type of the fan are critical for effective operation.

83
Q

For velocities of 2500 fpm or less, how many diameters of straight duct are needed?

A

2.5 diameters

This guideline helps maintain airflow efficiency.

84
Q

Duct hangers and supports should be of sufficient capacity to carry what?

A

Half of the system filled with material

This ensures structural integrity and safety.

85
Q

What is the recommended air velocity out of an exhaust stack?

A

3000 fpm

fpm stands for feet per minute

86
Q

Where should clean out or access doors be provided on an industrial duct?

A

Near elbows or close to any other change in direction of the duct

87
Q

What is the face velocity for hazardous materials?

A

50 fpm

fpm stands for feet per minute

88
Q

How does a variable air volume hood maintain constant face velocity?

A

By slowing down or speeding up the air

89
Q

What are the three types of workplace ventilation?

A

Indoor air quality ventilation, Velocity ventilation, Local exhaust ventilation

These types are essential for ensuring a safe and healthy work environment.

90
Q

Velocity is measured in?

A

FPM feet per minute

91
Q

Before it enters the fan, how many diameters should the duct be straight?

A

At least 2 diameters

92
Q

What is the biggest resistance on an exhaust system?

A

The filter

93
Q

What 2 types of fans are used in an industrial exhaust system?

A
  • Axial
  • Propeller
94
Q

Straight blade fans move?

A

Material Air

95
Q

Exhaust stacks should be located how far away from a building’s fresh air intake?

A

50’

96
Q

How far from a roof line should exhaust stacks be located?

A

10’

97
Q

What is the relationship between straight duct and hoods or elbow fittings?

A

Both hoods and elbows should be 2 gauges heavier than straight pipe.

98
Q

Can dash stops ever be removed, overridden, or modified?

A

No.

99
Q

What is the average face velocity at which air is drawn through the facility?

A

60-100 fpm.

100
Q

What must always be provided for a local exhaust system?

A

A make up air unit.

101
Q

What is the key to designing an industrial exhaust system?

A

Speed.

102
Q

What type of ducts are recommended for industrial exhaust systems?

A

Smooth and round.

Sheet Metal 4th Year (7 decks)

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