Cold War mocks Flashcards
1
Q
What was the Marshall plan?
A
When the US spent $17 billion to provide European countries with economic support, this limited the spread of communism as people turned to communism when the majority of the population is poor (as communism benefits the poor).
2
Q
What were the consequences of the Marshall plan?
A
- Europe became firmly divided
- The Soviet Union withdrew to hid how economically weak it was
- Stalin accused the US of using the plan for its own selfish gain
3
Q
When was the Marshall plan?
A
The US had finished providing European countries with economic aid in 1953.
4
Q
What were the impacts of the Berlin Wall?
A
- Khrushchev managed to successfully avoid war whilst stopping refugees from leaving East Berlin
- It showed that Khrushchev had to accept Western control of West Berlin and he could not bully Kennedy anymore
- West Berlin became an emblem of freedom and defiance against communism
5
Q
What was Dubeceks “socialism with a human face”?
A
- Relaxation of press censorship
- Elements of capitalism allowed in marketing
- More power to regional governments
- More political opposition
- Criticism of communist government allowed
6
Q
What were the causes of the Czechoslovakian invasion?
A
- The soviets feared these new reforms in Czechoslovakia would spread to other countries (Prague spring reforms)
- The soviets needed to stop the demand for more radical reforms, the prague spring reforms encouraged the political opponents of communism
- Czechoslovakia was the most important country of the Warsaw Pact as it had the largest industry. If it joined NATO then the USA would advance 700km further into the eastern bloc splitting it into two. NATO would also border Russia.
7
Q
What was the Prague spring reforms?
A
- Greater political freedom: free speech and abolition of press censorship
- A reduction of the secret police to imprison without trial
- Trade is allowed with West Germany
- The creation of work councils to improve working conditions in factories
8
Q
What was the Brezhnev doctrine?
A
- The Brezhnev doctrine was used to justify the Soviet invasion
- It allowed the Soviet Union to invade any country in Eastern Europe who’s actions appeared to threaten the Warsaw Pact
- It redefined communism as a one party system
- It suppressed any attempt to relax communist control
9
Q
What were the consequences of the invasion ?
A
- Dubcek was forced to resign
- The Brezhnev doctrine
- Western communism declared themselves apart from Eastern communism (it became eurocommunism)
- Some countries began to distance themselves from the Warsaw Pact. Romania Albania refused to send troops for the invasion. Albania ended up leaving the Warsaw Pact later in 1968.
- A deal was made between The Soviet Union and USA that if the USA did not interfere with Czechoslovakia then the Soviet Union would not interfere with Vietnam.
10
Q
What was the goal of the Helsinki agreements?
A
To keep detente developing
11
Q
Reasons for the invasion of Afghanistan?
A
- The Soviet Union did not want to see a neighbouring socialist state fall
- The Soviet did not want to see a growth of US influence on its borders
- The invasion of Afghanistan was seen by the US as a stepping stone to the control of the West’s oil supplies
12
Q
Why was Afghanistan in a state of collapse?
A
- There was high instability in the country because of anti-Muslim laws
- Thousands of Muslims joined a guerrilla movement which claimed to be a holy mission for Allah - this movement looked to overthrow the government
- And so the soviet military created an assistance campaign
13
Q
Islamic fundamentalism and the Soviet Union ?
A
- Amin (the Afghanistan leader) did not want to be too reliant on the Soviet Union and so he looked to improve relations with the US.
- Brezhnev was concerned about the spread of Islamic fundamentalism and so he wanted to show there would be no change in how the Soviet Union accepted other religions
- Brezhnev saw Islamic fundamentalism as a threat to the Soviet Union
14
Q
What were the details of the invasion?
A
- 50,000 Soviet troops were sent to Afghanistan
X Brezhnev stated that the Soviet Union was only complying with the 1978 treaty of friendship, cooperation and Good Neighbours. - Two days after the invasion Amin (the leader of which the Soviets came to protect) was shot and replaced. The new leader depended entirely on Soviet assistance.
15
Q
What did the carter doctrine include?
A
- Carters tough approach to the invasion was known as the carter doctrine
- The policy stated that the US would military force to defend its national interests in the Persian gulf if necessary
- The USA cancelled all shipments of grain and high technology to the Soviet Union.
- The US also supplied the guerrilla groups that fought the soviet invaders with weaponry
