Cognition and Affect

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false?

a. in their respective approaches to philosophy, Plato highly valued and incorporated emotions whereas Aristotle did not value and incorporate emotions
b. fMRI and PET are teqhniques used to study brain-behavior relationships supporting cognition and/or emotions
c. neuroimaging findings from Greene;s classic trolley problem experiment suggested that moral decisions involving one’s personal involvement trigger emotions that influence logic
d. LeDoux identified a survival mechanism in rats allowing for quick registration of fear via a pathway from the thalamus to the amygdala, bypassing the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

a. in their respective approaches to philosophy, Plato highly valued and incorporated emotions whereas Aristotle did not value and incorporate emotions

Question 2

Of the following possibilities, the most likely explanation for someone looking at a picture of a wolf calling it a dog is:

a. prosopagnosia
b. language-based naming error
c. blindspot
d. an error occurring during the steps of perceptual processing resulting in misnaming

Answer 2

d. an error occurring during the steps of perceptual processing resulting in misnaming

Question 3

All of the following events occurred in the 1950s except

a. James and Lange worked together to develop their 2-factor model of emotions
b. the re-emergence of cognitive psychology as a field of research
c. george miller reported that the average individual is able to recall 7 +/- 2 chunks of information
d. Noam Chomsky countered the behaviorist approach to left-right grammars with his abstract conceptualization of surface and deep processing levels (known as transformational generative grammar)

Answer 3

a. James and Lange worked together to develop their 2-factor model of emotions

Question 4

The sign WELCOME TO ILINOIS contains a spelling error (should be Illinois). Your presymed initial correct reading of the sign reveals the direct influences of :

a. agonsism
b. bottom-up processing
c. top-down processing
d. data driven processing

Answer 4

c. top-down processing

Question 5

When one patient group performs well on Task A and poorly on Task B, while another patient group performs poorly on Task A and well on Task B, we have evidence of a(n) _____, which suggests the strongest statistical evidence for independence of the mechanisms supporting each task.

a. Syndrome
b. double dissociation
c. association
d. mirror neuron system

Answer 5

b. double dissociation

Question 6

You are administered the Rorschach to a client. WHich of the following statements is false?

a. Primarily V1 and V2 process basic visual form (although other visual perceptual areas also contribute to perceiving form)
b. Primarily V4 processes color (although other visual perceptual areas also contribute to perceiving color)
c. You may likely make use of both monocular and binocular depth cues to perceive how far away the client is from you
d. the dorsal perceptual stream, is theoretically more involved than the ventral perceptual stream in perceiving form

Answer 6

d. the dorsal perceptual stream, is theoretically more involved than the ventral perceptual stream in perceiving form

Question 7

Whose work in the area of emotions most closely favored the primacy of affect, i.e., the concept that cognition need not precede affect for an individual to experience emotions?

a. darwin
b. papez
c. zajonc
d. lazarus

Answer 7

c. zajonc

Question 8

In terms of visual perceptual system:

a. the ecological linking of perception with action is associated with the dorsal stream
b. the dorsal stream addresses the question what?
c. the ventral streatm is primarily viewpoint dependent
d. form, color, and movement are always perceived together and cannot be dissociated
e. the ventral perceptual stream addresses the questions where

Answer 8

a. the ecological linking of perception with action is associated with the dorsal stream

Question 9

Paul Ekman’s studies of emotions:

a. originally relied on Caucasian facial expressions of emotions
b. involved basic emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise
c. revealed that individuals in Western cultures focus on the eye region in processing facial expressions, whereas individuals in Eastern cultures process the entire face in interpreting its emotional expression
d. all of the above statements are true
e. A and B are true, whereas C is false

Answer 9

e. A and B are true, whereas C is false

Question 10

Whose work in the area of emotions referred to an importance of physiological arousal in experiencing emotions?

a. Papez
b. Schachter and Singer
c. Wundt
d. All of the above answers are correct
e. A and B are correct, whereas C is not correct

Answer 10

b. Schachter and Singer

Question 11

Which of the following terms are paired accurately?

a. iconic memory= duration of 0.5-1.6 seconds
b. iconic memory = visual sensory memory
c. echoic memory = visual sensory memory
d. A and B are correct, while C is incorrect
e. A, B, and C are all correct

Answer 11

d. A and B are correct, while C is incorrect

Question 12

Research suggests that unilateral visual neglect is caused by:

a. a memory retrieval error
b. an inability to disengage attention from a stimulus on the nonneglected side
c. countless repetition leading to dangerous automatization
d. slow, attentionally demanding processing that is open to concious awareness
e. change blindness

Answer 12

b. an inability to disengage attention from a stimulus on the nonneglected side

Question 13

Patients who suffer from visual agnosia by definition are known to have severe problems with:

a. divided attention
b. explicit memory
c. object recognition
d. mood state dependent recall
e. motion perception only

Answer 13

c. object recognition

Question 14

The method of studying focused auditory attention whereby participants are asked to repeat an auditory message back out loud while a second auditory message is played to the other ear is called:

a. monitoring
b. tagging
c. breakthrough
d. following
e. shadowing

Answer 14

e. shadowing

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

a. nondeclarative memory includes semantic and episodic memory
b. an example of implicit memory involves consciously recollecting what one ate for breakfast
c. an example of explicit memory involved one conscious recollection information one previously read as he/she is giving a class presentation
d. Implicit memory relies on conscious recollection of to be remembered information
e. the automatic, unconscious process of typing relies mainly upon explicit memory

Answer 15

c. an example of explicit memory involved one conscious recollection information one previously read as he/she is giving a class presentation

Question 16

Which term describes memory by surprise, ie when someone is instructed to remember information unexpectedly and without previous warning?

a. incidental
b. autobiographical
c. prospective
d. articulatory phonological loop

Answer 16

a. incidental

Question 17

In terms of measuring different memory processes, which of the following is best advised?

a. one should measure encoding using an immediate free recall test
b. one should measure encoding using an immediate cued recall test
c. one should measure storage using a delayed free recall test
d. one should measure retrieval by comparing the clients recall with his/her recognition

Answer 17

d. one should measure retrieval by comparing the clients recall with his/her recognition

Question 18

In serial position curve, integrity of short term memory is associated with performance known as:

a. the primacy effect
b. long term memory
c. auditory memory
d. the recency effect
e. middle of the list

Answer 18

d. the recency effect

Question 19

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

a. injury within the dorsal attentional network is primarily responsible for neglect syndrome
b. the ventral attentional network is internally oriented (endogeneous)
c. a frightening stimulus in the environment will activate the dorsal attentional network before it activated the ventral attentional network
d. the ventral attentional network is externally oriented (exogeneous)
e. both A and B are true, while C and D are false

Answer 19

d. the ventral attentional network is externally oriented (exogeneous)

Question 20

Inference due to similarity of two simultaneous tasks has been found to create a compromise (ie some degree of impairment) in an individual’s performance in all of the following except:

a. divided attention tasks
b. automaticity
c. visuospatial sketchpad of Baddeley’s working memory model
d. Visual imagery and visual perception
e. the output stage of Wickens multiple resources model

Answer 20

b. automaticity

Question 21

Which of the following accurately represents the order of processing of Posner’s attention model?

a. Shift, engage, reengage
b. engage, disengage, shift
c. disengage, engage, shift
d. shift, disengage, engage
e. disengage, shift, engage

Answer 21

e. disengage, shift, engage

Question 22

An individual famously known for their own amnesia is:

a. Dan Schacter
b. Phineas Gage
c. Henry Molaison
d. GordonBower

Answer 22

c. Henry Molaison

Question 23

Autobiographical memories:

a. include memories of ones major life events
b. have undergone consolidation into long-term memory
c. do not involve personally relevant memories
d. A and B are correct, while C in incorrect
e. A, B and C are all correct

Answer 23

d. A and B are correct, while C in incorrect

Question 24

Regarding self-conscious (moral) emotions:

a. Hubris (narcissism), other directed anger, and shame typically co-occur
b. authentic pride and guilt are directed toward one’s behavior, rather than toward ones global sense of self
c. guilt is more often associated with healthy, reparative action than is shame
d. A and B are correct, while C is incorrect
e. A B and C are all correct

Answer 24

e. A B and C are all correct

Question 25

Which of the following memory constructs is a representation of a complex ordering of events that allow for predictions about future behavior?

a. proposition
b. script
c. schemata (or schema)
d. episodic buffer

Answer 25

b. script

Question 26

The most parsimonious of the filter theories of focused attention favors:

a. early selection
b. late selection
c. flexible selection
d. no selection

Answer 26

c. flexible selection

Question 27

Mood congruence:

a. refers to the congruence of mood at times of study and test leading to more accurate recognition
b. refers to the congruence of mood at times of study and test leading to more accurate recall
c. refers to recall being most accurate when the mood matches the content of the information to be recalled
d. is the same theoretical construct as mood state dependent recall
e. none of the above answers is correct

Answer 27

c. refers to recall being most accurate when the mood matches the content of the information to be recalled