COCKPIT MODEL - MULTIMODAL TOOL FOR PATIENT CENTERED CARE Flashcards
Definition Bio psycho social model
Holistic approach considering biological, psychological and social factors in
understanding patient’s health
Description & examples of biological factors
include physical aspects of health, such as anatomy, physiology & pathology of patient
Description & examples of psychological factors
factors like stress, anxiety, depression & pain perception are critical in understanding patient’s overall health
Description & examples of social factors
social determinants of health include patient’s environment, support
systems, work or family responsibilities, socioeconomic status, cultural background,
and access to healthcare. Factors can have significant impact on patient’s ability to
participate in therapy or follow through with prescribed exercises.
Considerations of BPS model
- Patient’s work demands
- Family obligations
- Social isolation, lack of support or financial difficulties
- Could also hinder patient’s recovery & adherence to treatment
Why useful to understand social factors
helps PT tailor treatments that fit within patient’s life context, making interventions more practical & achievable
Specific things of BPS model
- Influence of each of biological, lifestyle, psychological & social domains on each
individual will vary - BPS approach has in some areas of health care been misconstrued to favor a
dominantly psychosocial approach to managing MSK pain disorders - Tissue-based factors will be dominant contributing factor in a proportion of
cases, including some individuals with chronic persistent MSK pain disorders
5 advantages of therapeutic alliance & description of each
- Improved adherence to treatment
o When patients feel connected to their PT & understand purpose of treatment, they are more likely to follow through with prescribed plan - Better patient outcomes
o Quality of therapeutic alliance = predictor of better clinical outcomes in PT. Patients with strong therapeutic alliance often experience greater reductions in pain, improved functional outcomes & quicker recovery - Enhanced patient satisfaction
o Closely linked to their perception of therapist’s empathy, communication
& respect - Reduction in drop-out rates
o Particularly important in long-term or complex rehabilitation cases, where patients may face periods of slow progress. PT’s ability to maintain motivation & adjust treatment plans in response to patient needs helps to
prevent disengagement & drop-outs - Empowerment & self-management
o Strong therapeutic alliance helps foster this empowerment by educating patient about condition, giving them tools for self-management, and reinforcing their role in their own recovery. Patients who feel empowered
are more likely to adopt long-term healthy habits, such as continuing with exercises or lifestyle changes after formal treatment has ended
Cockpit model: definition and description
= Metaphor for collaborative patient care, where PT and patient work together as if they
were co-pilots navigating a shared journey toward rehabilitation & recovery.
- Model emphasizes importance of communication, shared responsibility & active
participation from both therapist & patient in achieving optimal outcomes - Advocates for collaborative approach to healthcare, where both PT (pilot) and patient (co-pilot) share decision-making responsibilities
description of pilot and co-pilot
- PT, as healthcare expert, provides knowledge & guidance, but patient’s preferences, values & feedback are integral in tailoring treatment plan
- Just as pilot and co-pilot share responsibilities in flying plane, both parties need to work in sync for flight to succeed, where destination is patient’s recovery
description of pilot
PT acts as pilot
- Guding treatment process through clinical reasoning, evidence-based practice &
application of professional expertise
- Therapist’s responsibilities include:
o Providing education
o Clear communication
o Monitoring patient progress
o Adjusting plan as needed
o Ensuring patient understands their role on recovery process
Description of co-pilot
- Patient acts as co-pilot
- Provides real-time feedback to help adjust flight plan:
o Symptoms
o Challenges
o Progress - Continuous feedback loop essential for optimizing care, as it enables both
therapist & patient to respond to changes & adjust course as needed. It allows PT
to make necessary modifications to treatment
Description of communication of cockpit model
Communication
- Trust & clear communication = core of Cockpit Model
- Both parties must communicate openly & transparently for partnership to
succeed
- Patient must feel comfortable voicing concerns, while PT must create
environment where patient’s input is valued
- Communication is not one-directional (therapist to patient) but bidirectional,
ensuring that both parties are aligned on goals, expectations, and responsibilities
Description of shared responsibilities of cockpit model
Shared responsibilities
- Responsibility for success of rehabilitation process is shared between therapist &
patient
- PT responsible for providing safe & effective treatment plan
- Patient equally responsible for implementing plan & providing feedback &
adhering to lifestyle recommendations
- Therapist as obligation of mean, but no obligation of success as it relies on
patient’s will to implement change
Description of challenges of cockpit model
Challenges
- Non-adherence: one of key challenges can be patient non-adherence, where
patient fails to perform exercises or follow with rehabilitation plan
- Communication barriers: miscommunication or lack of understanding between
PT and patient can lead to breakdown in collaborative process
- Patient readiness: not all patients may be ready or willing to take on an active
role, requiring PT to work on strategies to enhance patient engagement &
motivation
