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Biopsychology > CNS Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

CNS Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Forebrain consist of?

A

telencephalon and the diencephalon

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2
Q

What does the Midbrain consist of?

A

Mesencephalon

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3
Q

What does the Hindbrain consist of?

A

metencephalon and the myelencephalon

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4
Q

When can you see the development of the brain after conception?

A

18 days

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5
Q

What is the one major structure in the Myelencephalon?

A

the medulla

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6
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

serves vital functions (breathing, blood pressure, vomiting, muscle tone)

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7
Q

What/Where is the reticular formation?

A

a cell group that runs through the hindbrain and to the midbrain

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8
Q

What is the reticular formation responsible for?

A

some sleep cycle, arousal, and alertness. It outputs to the spinal cord which is key for movement and muscle tone

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9
Q

What does the Metencephalon consist of?

A

Pons and the cerebellum

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10
Q

What are pons?

A

They work with the medulla to breath, regulate sleep and alertness

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11
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

balance, fine control of movement, language comprehension, and coordination

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12
Q

What is RAPID sensory?

A

quickly putting together information to produce swift actions

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13
Q

What is in the midbrain (mesencephalon)?

A

the tectum and and the tegmentum

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14
Q

What are the two parts of the tectum?

A

the superior colliculi (serve visual functions such as eye movements and the ability to fixate our gaze) and the inferior colliculi (serve auditory functions such as being able to locate where a sound is coming from)

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15
Q

What are the four parts of the tegmentum?

A

the reticular formation, the periaqueductal gray, the substancia nigra, and the red nucleus

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16
Q

What is the periaqueductal gray?

A

mediates pain reducing effects of opiate drugs (inside the tegmentum)

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17
Q

What is the substancia nigra (“black substance”)?

A

plays a role in the motor system (inside the tegmentum)

18
Q

What is the Red Nucleus?

A

plays a role in the motor system by taking in sensory input (inside the tegmentum)

19
Q

What is in the diencephalon?

A

the thalamus and the hypothalamus

20
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

it consists of two lobes and many pairs of nuclei, it receives sensory info and relays it to the rest of the brain

21
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

it is underneath the thalamus and conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones for motivated behaviors

22
Q

What is the telencephalon?

A

it is the largest and most developed part of the human brain for complex functions such as planning learning and problem solving

23
Q

What are the four cortical hemispheres of the telencephalon?

A

occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal

24
Q

What is the occipital responsible for?

A

(it is the most posterior of the telencephalon) it is the primary visual cortex (this is where the first stages of visual processing begin)

25
Q

What can damage to the occipital lead to?

A

blindness in some visual fields

26
Q

What is the parietal responsible for?

A

processes skin sensory, it is involved in spatial attention/coordination and integrating sensory input

27
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex

A

(post central gyrus) organizes all skin sensations to spatially form a body map (also called a homunculus) in your brain

28
Q

What can damage to the parietal lead to?

A

Contralateral neglect (a person neglects one side of their body)

29
Q

What is the temporal responsible for?

A

The superior temporal gyrus is involved in hearing and language while the inferior temporal gyrus is involved in identifying complex patterns and remembering

30
Q

What is the frontal responsible for?

A

complex functions such as working memory, planning, or taking another’s perspective (it is the primary motor cortex)

31
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex?

A

integration of all sensory input to lead to abstract thinking, decision making, impulse control and planning

32
Q

What can damage to the frontal lead to?

A

major changes in personality PHINEAS GAGE

33
Q

What is the most prominent fiber tract that connects the left and right hemispheres?

A

the corpus callosum

34
Q

What are the two subcortical systems in the telencephalon?

A

The limbic system and the basal ganglia

35
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

it serves emotional functioning, aggression, learning, motivation and memory

36
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

it aids in motor functions

37
Q

What does the limbic system consist of?

A

cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, mammilary bodies, septum, fornix

38
Q

What does the basal ganglia consist of?

A

putamen , globus pallidus

39
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

the small grooves in the brain

40
Q

What is a fissure?

A

a large groove in the brain

41
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

a convolution or bump on the brain

Biopsychology (3 decks)

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