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Physiology > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

0
Q

Name the ventricles of the brain.

A 
Lateral Ventricle
 - Frontal horn
 - Lateral part
 - Occipital horn
 - Temporal horn
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
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1
Q

What are the layers of the head?

A 
Skin
Periosteum
Bone
Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater
Grey Matter
White Matter
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the choroid plexus?

A

To generate CSF

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3
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Absorb CSF into venous system.

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4
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A
  • Cushions the brains
  • Prevents pressure on the brain stem by keeping brain floating
  • Helps distribute nutrients and wash away waste materials
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5
Q

How do you work out cerebral perfusion pressure?

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

MAP: Mean arterial pressure
ICP: Intracranial pressure

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6
Q

What is the normal value for ICP?

A

5-15 mmHg

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7
Q

Define the Monroe Kellie hypothesis.

A

Due to the skull being a rigid compartment then when compensatory mechanisms are exhausted then an increase in the volume of one of the intracranial components (blood, brain, CSF) must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in another component or pressure will rise.

Blood volume increases CSF must be absorbed

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8
Q

Define intracranial compliance.

A

Describes the relationship between changes…

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of intracranial hypertension?

A 
Headache
Transient visual obscurations
Pulse synchronous tinnitus
Pain behind the eye
Double vision
Visual loss
Pain with eye movement
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10
Q

Define sulci.

A

Depression or trough found within the brain

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11
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A 
Hind brain
- Medulla
- Cerebellum
- Pons
Mid brain
Fore brain
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
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12
Q

Define gyri

A

Ridges of the brain

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13
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Homeostatic control - keeps us alive!

Connects the…

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14
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Important in coordination and balance

Handles walking and posture

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15
Q

What is the role of the pons

A

Acts as a bridge between cerebellum and cerebrum

Tunes fine movement

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16
Q

Name some symptoms that cerebellum damage can lead to?

A

…

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17
Q

What does the mid brain do?

A

Controls posture and walking as it acts as a conduit between the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

…

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18
Q

What are the forebrain divisions?

A

Telencephalon:
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

19
Q

Name the parts of the cerebral cortex.

A

Motor cortex…

Picture?

20
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A 
Largest of the four lobes
Associated with language production
Memory and higher cognitive function
Olfactory cortex
Motor cortex
21
Q

What can be found at the central sulcus?

A

Anterior motor area

Posterior sensory area

22
Q

Which side of the body is controlled by which part of the brain?

A

Nerves decusate at the spinal cord, therefore each hemisphere controls the otherwise of the body.

23
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory
Spatial processing
Attention span

25
Q

Define Wernicke’s aphasia or fluent aphasia.

A

Where speech has grammatical structure but no meaning

25
Q

Define Broca’s aphasia or non fluent aphasia.

A

Are unable to understand and make grammatically complex sentences.

Might make single meaningful words

26
Q

What is Broca & Wernicke area associated with?

A

Speech & language

27
Q

What conditions can affect the basal ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s Disease - damage to dopaenergic nerve

Psychiatry

28
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Fine tune movement regulation

Skill learning of movement

29
Q

What is glutamine?

A

Neurotransmitter working on excitatory nerves.

30
Q

Define GABA.

A

Gama aminobutyric acid

Inhibitory

31
Q

Name some examples of GABA agonists.

A

Diazepam

Palm drugs are GABA agonists

32
Q

What is the Limbic system?

A

Emotion processing

At the baseis the Amygdala which is involved with fear, socialisation, mating

33
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

Involved with short and long term memory and special orientation

Located just outside basal ganglia

34
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Major link between left and right hemispheres as it is a bundle of axons which allow communication of neurons across both hemispheres

35
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Interacts with ANS

36
Q

Define fissure.

A

Fissures are deeper depressions in the brain that separate lobes.

37
Q

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

A

Vision

38
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

A

Higher cognition

39
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

A

Somatosensory

40
Q

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

A

Auditory

41
Q

What is the cerebellum associated with?

A

Together with structures in the ear the cerebellum helps in balance; contributing to the process called proprioception

42
Q

What is the thalamus role in the CNS?

A

Thalamus links sensory and motor neurons between the brain and periphery.

43
Q

What is the hypothalamus role in the CNS?

A

Hypothalamus links brain to homeostatic control mechanisms

44
Q

What is the right hemisphere associated with?

A

More involved with synthesis and spatial relationships

45
Q

What is the left hemisphere associated with?

A

Language & information analysis

Physiology (12 decks)

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