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CNC Terms 101 > CNC Mill Terms > Flashcards

CNC Mill Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Spindle

A

The rotating shaft in the machine that holds and drives the cutting tool.

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2
Q

Tool Holder

A

The device that secures the cutting tool in the spindle.

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3
Q

Table

A

The flat surface where the workpiece is clamped.

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4
Q

Ball Screw

A

A precision screw mechanism for translating rotary motion into linear motion with minimal backlash.

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5
Q

Linear Guideways

A

Components that provide smooth, precise linear movement of machine axes.

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6
Q

ATC (Automatic Tool Changer)

A

A system that automatically swaps cutting tools during machining.

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7
Q

Coolant Nozzles

A

Direct streams of coolant to the cutting area to reduce heat and friction.

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8
Q

Axis

A

A direction of movement; most CNC mills have X, Y, and Z axes.

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9
Q

Workpiece Clamp

A

A device to hold the workpiece securely during machining.

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10
Q

DRO (Digital Readout)

A

A display showing the precise position of machine components.

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11
Q

Gantry

A

A bridge-like structure in some CNC mills for machining large parts.

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12
Q

Work Envelope

A

The maximum dimensions the machine can accommodate for machining.

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13
Q

Fixture

A

A custom device for holding a specific workpiece securely.

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14
Q

Probe

A

A sensor used to detect the position of the workpiece or tools.

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15
Q

RPM (Revolutions Per Minute)

A

The speed at which the spindle rotates.

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16
Q

Tool Offset

A

The programmed adjustment for tool length and diameter.

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17
Q

G-Code

A

The programming language for controlling the machine’s movements.

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18
Q

M-Code

A

Auxiliary commands for machine functions, like spindle on/off.

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19
Q

Tramming

A

Aligning the spindle perpendicular to the machine table.

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20
Q

Feed Rate

A

The speed at which the cutting tool moves through the material.

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21
Q

Cutting Speed

A

The speed of the cutting tool’s edge relative to the material.

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22
Q

Depth of Cut

A

The thickness of material removed in one pass.

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23
Q

Step Over

A

The distance between successive tool paths.

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24
Q

T-Slot

A

Grooves in the table for securing clamps and fixtures.

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25
Q

Chip Conveyor

A

A system that removes chips from the machine during operation.

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26
Q

Tool Path

A

The programmed route followed by the cutting tool.

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27
Q

Peck Drilling

A

A technique to drill deep holes by periodically retracting to remove chips.

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28
Q

Adaptive Machining

A

A method to optimize cutting by maintaining consistent tool load.

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29
Q

High-Speed Machining (HSM)

A

A machining process using high spindle speeds and feed rates.

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30
Q

Interpolation

A

Coordinated movement of multiple axes to create curves or complex shapes.

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31
Q

Post-Processor

A

Software that converts CAM instructions into machine-readable G-code.

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32
Q

Control Panel

A

The interface where operators control the machine.

33
Q

Enclosure

A

A safety barrier around the machine to contain chips and coolant.

34
Q

Spindle Motor

A

The motor driving the spindle rotation.

35
Q

Servo Motor

A

A motor used for precise control of machine movements.

36
Q

Linear Encoder

A

A device measuring the exact position of machine axes.

37
Q

Ball Bar Test

A

A diagnostic test for measuring machine accuracy and circularity.

38
Q

Rigid Tapping

A

A process where the spindle rotation is synchronized with the feed rate for threading.

39
Q

Runout

A

The deviation of the spindle or tool from its ideal centerline.

40
Q

Dwell Time

A

The time the tool pauses at the end of a movement.

41
Q

Circular Pocket Milling

A

A toolpath for creating circular recesses in a workpiece.

42
Q

Probe Cycle

A

A program cycle for using a touch probe to locate the workpiece or features.

43
Q

Inverse Time Feed Rate

A

A feed rate defined in time rather than distance.

44
Q

Cutter Compensation

A

A feature allowing the machine to adjust for tool diameter variations.

45
Q

Surface Finish

A

The texture of a machined surface, typically measured in Ra.

46
Q

Work Coordinate System (WCS)

A

Defines the workpiece’s position in the machine’s coordinate system.

47
Q

Vibration Dampeners

A

Components to minimize vibrations for better precision.

48
Q

Chip Load

A

The amount of material removed by each cutting edge per revolution.

49
Q

Tool Life Management

A

A system to track and optimize tool usage.

50
Q

Pallet Changer

A

A system that swaps workpieces automatically for continuous machining.

51
Q

Helix Angle

A

The angle between the cutting edge and the axis of rotation.

52
Q

Lead Angle

A

The angle formed by the cutting edge relative to the workpiece.

53
Q

End Mill Flutes

A

The cutting edges on the sides of an end mill.

54
Q

Material Removal Rate (MRR)

A

The volume of material removed per unit of time.

55
Q

Plunge Rate

A

The rate at which the tool moves vertically into the material.

56
Q

Coolant Flow Rate

A

The speed at which coolant is delivered to the cutting area.

57
Q

Edge Finder

A

A tool used to locate the edge of a workpiece for accurate positioning.

58
Q

Fixture Plate

A

A plate with pre-drilled holes for securing workpieces.

59
Q

Thread Milling

A

The process of creating threads with a milling cutter.

60
Q

Workholding Device

A

Any tool or device used to hold the workpiece in place.

61
Q

Parallel

A

A tool used to level the workpiece with the table.

62
Q

Climb Milling

A

A method where the cutter moves in the same direction as the material feed.

63
Q

Conventional Milling

A

A method where the cutter moves opposite the material feed.

64
Q

Spindle Cartridge

A

The housing containing the spindle bearings and shaft.

65
Q

Tool Setter

A

A device for measuring and setting tool offsets.

66
Q

Ball Nut

A

A component in ball screws for converting rotary motion into linear motion.

67
Q

Flexible Manufacturing System

A

A production system with automated machines and equipment.

68
Q

NC Code

A

Numerical control commands for operating CNC machines.

69
Q

Preload

A

The initial force applied to ball bearings to remove backlash.

70
Q

Power Drawbar

A

A mechanism for quick tool changes by clamping/unclamping the tool holder.

71
Q

Circular Interpolation

A

Tool movement along a circular path.

72
Q

Helical Interpolation

A

Simultaneous movement of linear and circular axes to create a helix.

73
Q

Machining Center

A

A high-precision CNC machine with multiple functions.

74
Q

High Feed Milling

A

Machining with high feed rates and low depth of cut.

75
Q

Multi-Axis Milling

A

CNC milling using more than three axes.

76
Q

Dry Cutting

A

Machining without coolant for specific materials.

77
Q

Hard Milling

A

Machining hardened materials with special tools.

78
Q
A

CNC Terms 101 (5 decks)

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