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AWS Cloud Practitioner > Cloud Basics > Flashcards

Cloud Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

The practice of using a network of remove servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or personal computer

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2
Q

What is On-Premise

A

You own the servers, hire the IT people, pay or rent the real estate, and take all the risk

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3
Q

What is Cloud Providers

A

Someone else owns the servers, hires the It people, pays for the real estate. You are responsible for configuring cloud services and code, someone else takes care of the rest

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4
Q

Six advantages of cloud computing

A
  1. Trade capital expense for variable expense
  2. Benefit from massive economies of scale
  3. Stop guessing capacity
  4. Increase speed and agility
  5. Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers
  6. Go global in minutes
    Trade Box Stickers Increase Sales Goal
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5
Q

Types of cloud computing

A

SaaS, PaaS, IaaS

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6
Q

Saas

A

Software as a service, a completed product that is run and managed by the service provider. Like gmail

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7
Q

PasS

A

Platform as a service removes the need for your organization to manage the underlying infrastructure. Focus on deployment and management of your application. Like heroku

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8
Q

IaaS

A

Infrastructure as a serivce. The basic building blocks for cloud IT. Provides access to networking features, computers, and data storage space. Like AWS

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9
Q

Cloud Computing Deployment Models

A
  1. Cloud, fully utilizing cloud computing
  2. Hybrid, using both cloud and on-premise
  3. On-Premise, deploying resources on-premises, using virtualization and resource management tools, is sometimes called private cloud
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10
Q

What is AZ?

A

Availability zone

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11
Q

How many AZ?

A

80

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12
Q

How many geographic regions?

A

25

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13
Q

Region

A

A geographically distinct location in the world with multiple availability zones.
Every region is physically isolated from and independent of every other region in terms of location, power, and water supply.
Has at least 2 AZs

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14
Q

Availability zones

A

A datacenter owned and operated by AWS in which AWS services run

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15
Q

Edge location

A

Datacenter owned by a trusted partner of AWS

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16
Q

Where is AWS largest region?

A

US-EAST

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17
Q

Which region to services first become available?

A

US-EAST

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18
Q

What region do you see your billing information?

A

US-EAST-1

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19
Q

How are AZs represented?

A

Region Code followed by a letter identifier eg. us-east-1

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20
Q

What is Multi-AZ

A

Distributing your instances across multiple AZs allows failover configuration for handing requests when one goes down

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21
Q

What is latency between AZs?

A

<10 ms

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22
Q

What is an edge location?

A

A datacenter owned by a trusted partner of AWS which has a direct connection to the AWS network. Allows low latency no matter where the end user is geographically.
Outnumber AZ

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23
Q

What do edge locations serve requests for?

A

CloudFront and Route53. Requests going to either of these services will be routed to the nearest edge location automatically
S3 Transer Acceleration traffic and API Gateway traffic also use Edge Network

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24
Q

What is GovCloud Regions?

A

Allow customers to host sensitive Controlled Unclassified Information and other types of regulated workloads.
Only operated by employees who are US citizens on US soil

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25
Q

Who is GovCloud accessible by?

A

Only US entities and root account holders who pass a screening process

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26
Q

What are examples of policies/regulations GovCloud complies with?

A
  1. FedRAMP High baseline
  2. DOJ’s Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS) Security Policy
  3. US International Traffic in Arms Regulations(ITAR)
  4. Export Administration Regulations (EAR)
    Department of Defense (DoD) Cloud Computing Security Requirements Guide
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27
Q

How to add billing preferences?

A

Hover over account, my billing dashboard, billing preferences

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28
Q

How to get to budget page?

A

Search budget in services (also part of the billing dashboard)

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29
Q

How many free budgets do you get?

A

60 free budget days per month (essentially two active budgets on every day of the month), and each subsequent budget will incur a cost of $0.02 per day.

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30
Q

How to set a budget alarm?

A
  1. In services search cloudwatch.
  2. Click billing and switch to US-EAST-1 region.
  3. Create alarms
  4. Confirm
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31
Q

How many free alarms?

A

10 free alarms and 1000 free email-notifications each month in free tier

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32
Q

Where do you change path to login to AWS?

A

Identity and Access Management

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33
Q

Why add MFA to root account?

A

If someone gains access, they could do some serious damage

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34
Q

How to add MFA for root account?

A
  1. In Identity and Access Management, hit Manage MFA
  2. Under MFA tab hit activate MFA
  3. Choose virtual for mobile devices
  4. Choose a compatible app
  5. Scan QR code with app
  6. Enter in the 2 codes that are provided from the app
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35
Q

Should you use root account often?

A

No, create a user account and only use root when you need to

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36
Q

How to add user?

A
  1. In Identity And Access Management under users tab, hit manage users
  2. Hit add user
  3. Can allow programmatic access and AWS Managemtn console access, auto generate password, need to reset password on next login
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37
Q

Creating groups

A

Can do when creating first user. Can give administrative access if self. Don’t give admin power to many. Most will need PowerUserAccount

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38
Q

How to create a new access key for user?

A

Go to IAM, users, select user, go to security credentials tab, make other inactive, create a new one

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39
Q

How to set a password policy?

A

In IAM, hit manage password policy, then hit password policy, set preferences

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40
Q

Where is US-EAST-1

A

North Virginia

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41
Q

What service do you use to launch a server?

A

EC2

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42
Q

How to launch a server with EC2?

A

Search EC2, hit Launch Instance, choose Amazon Machine Image (AMI), choose Instance Type (size of server), configure instance details, want to set an IAM role if none, hit next add storage, choose size and volume type (general purpose is a good default), hit review and launch, it will ask for you to use or create a new key pair but since we are using ssm can proceed without a key pair

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43
Q

Steps to create IAM role when configuring ec2 server

A

From IAM console, hit create role, select ec2 (since creating for ec2), hit next permissions, type ssm and select AmazonEC2RoleforSSM, name role, hit create role

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44
Q

How to shut down an ec2 server?

A

From viewing instance, actions, instance stats, terminate

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45
Q

What is the difference between stopping and terminating an ec2 server?

A

If you stop you don’t destroy it, but it does not cost money since it is not running.

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46
Q

What is the AWS preferred way to access an ec2 server? Key pair or SSM?

A

SSM (Simple Systems Manager)

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47
Q

How to access ec2 server through ssm?

A
  1. Go to SSM
  2. Go to Session Manager
  3. Hit Start Session
  4. Hit Start Session (different button)
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48
Q

What role does SSM log you in through?

A

Root

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49
Q

How to change to a regular user after logging in through SSM?

A
  1. sudo su - ec2-user

2. pwd to check

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50
Q

What does AMI stand for?

A

Amazon Machine Image

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51
Q

What is AMI?

A

is a master image for the creation of virtual servers

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52
Q

Steps to create AMI?

A
  1. Go to ec2 instances
  2. Hit Actions
  3. Hit Image => Create Image
  4. Only need a name
  5. Hit Create Image
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53
Q

Can you create an AMI off of a stopped ec2 instance?

A

Yes

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54
Q

What is Auto Scaling used for?

A

to manage Amazon EC2 capacity automatically, maintain the right number of instances for your application, operate a healthy group of instances, and scale it according to your needs.

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55
Q

How to create auto scaling group?

A
  1. In EC2 dashboard on side go to Auto Scaling
  2. Hit Create Auto Scaling Group
  3. Hit My AMIs and select one
  4. Choose launch configuration
  5. Name the launch configuration
  6. Choose an IAM role
  7. Allow default storage and security groups
  8. Hit Create Launch Configuration
  9. Proceed without a keypair
  10. Create auto-scaling group with a name, size, a network (vpc), a couple (2+ subnets)
  11. Hit configure scaling policies
  12. Optionally set scaling policies
  13. Can skip over notifications and tags
  14. Review / Create
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56
Q

What is the minimum number of servers an auto-scaling group will try to have?

A

1 (can have 0 at a given moment if one is still spinning up)

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57
Q

Will auto-scaling group instances be terminated if the group is terminated?

A

Yes

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58
Q

What does ELB stand for?

A

Elastic Load Balancer

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59
Q

What does ELB do?

A

Automatically distributes incoming application traffic and scales resources to meet traffic demands

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60
Q

Is load balancer in front of or behind instances?

A

In front of

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61
Q

Steps to create load balancer?

A
  1. Hit Launch Instance
  2. Choose AIM (Amazon Linux2)
  3. Set number of instances at 2+
  4. Set IAM role (don’t need ssm to access but doesn’t hurt to add)
  5. Configure security group
  6. Launch without key pair
  7. Once instances are running name them (Ex: InstanceA, InstanceB)
  8. Go to load balancers (under ec2 console)
  9. Hit Create load balancer
  10. Usually select Application Load Balancer
  11. Configure load balancer
    (name, scheme = internet facing, at least 2 AZ)
  12. Configure Routing (select target group, name, target type)
  13. Register targets and add to register
  14. Review / Create
62
Q

Types of targets for ELB Routing

A
  1. Instance
  2. IP
  3. Lambda function
63
Q

How to route traffic to ELB?

A

Point traffic to the DNS name

64
Q

How ELB works?

A

Traffic goes to DNS name, => go to listeners who listen on a specific port (EX: port 80) => has rules which forward traffic to a target group => route to registered targets

65
Q

If you delete a load balancer does it also delete the instances?

A

No

66
Q

Do you need to be in a specific region for S3?

A

No, S3 service is global. However, the buckets are region-specific

67
Q

What is an S3 bucket?

A

It stores objects, which consist of data and its descriptive metadata.

68
Q

Steps to create S3 bucket?

A
  1. Go to S3 console
  2. Hit Create Bucket
  3. Set name, region, optionally copy settings from another bucket (note that the names need to be globally unique similar to domain names)
69
Q

How to upload files to an S3 bucket?

A
  1. Select bucket

2. Hit Upload

70
Q

What is CloudFront?

A

Amazon CloudFront is a web service that speeds up the distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations.

71
Q

What is CloudFront?

A

Amazon CloudFront is a web service that speeds up the distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations. (CDN)

72
Q

What is a CDN?

A

Content distribution network

73
Q

How does CloudFront work?

A

Copies your content to edge locations and when a user requests it they get the info very fast due to it routing to the nearest edge location. Has domain name similar to ELB

74
Q

Steps to setup CloudFront

A
  1. Go to CloudFront console
  2. Hit Create Distribution
  3. Select our S3 bucket as the origin domain name
  4. Create distribution (takes quite a while)
75
Q

Do disabled CloudFront cost money?

A

No

76
Q

What does RDS stand for?

A

Relational Database Service

77
Q

What is Relational Database Service?

A

Service that makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud.

78
Q

Steps to use RDS

A
  1. Go to the RDS console
  2. Hit databases on left panel => Create database
  3. Choose a database
  4. Choose a template
  5. Set DB password
  6. Choose DB instance size
  7. Choose DB storage
  8. Choose if you want Multi-AZ
  9. Choose what VPC you want to launch (but can leave at default)
  10. Choose DB authentication options
  11. Set Initial DB name
  12. Set backup preferences (if backup retention period is set to 0 days it starts up much faster)
  13. Create a database
79
Q

What databases does RDS support?

A
  1. Amazon Aurora
  2. MySQL
  3. MariaDB
  4. PostgreSQL
  5. Oracle
  6. Microsoft SQL Server
80
Q

Who is production RDS template for?

A

A very large company

81
Q

Who is the production RDS template for?

A

A very large company

82
Q

Who is the dev/test RDS template for?

A

A small to medium-size company

83
Q

Who is the Free tier RDS template for?

A

Someone looking to gain experience or a very small startup

84
Q

How much is the production RDS template a month?

A

~$600

85
Q

How much is the dev/test RDS template a month?

A

~$260

86
Q

How much is the free tier RDS template a month?

A

Free, but you only get 750 hours of RDS

87
Q

What happens if you do not set an initial database name in RDS?

A

It does not create

88
Q

How to delete a database in RDS?

A
  1. Select database

2. Actions => Delete

89
Q

What is AWS Lambda?

A

A compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda runs your code on a high-availability compute infrastructure and performs all of the administration of the compute resources, including server and operating system maintenance, capacity provisioning and automatic scaling, code monitoring, and logging.

90
Q

Steps to create a lambda function

A
  1. Go to lambda console
  2. Hit Create Function
  3. Set name, runtime, and execution role
  4. Hit Create Function
    5.
91
Q

How long can a lambda run?

A

15 minutes

92
Q

How to test lambda?

A
  1. At top of lambda hit Test
  2. Configure test with event name (only numbers and letters)
  3. Run test
  4. Go to the monitoring tab at the bottom
  5. Hit View logs in CloudWatch
93
Q

How to add a trigger to lambda?

A
  1. In the configuration tab for the lambda function hit add trigger
  2. Choose service and configure
94
Q

What are the 4 ways to pay for EC2?

A
  1. On-Demand
  2. Spot
  3. Reserved
  4. Dedicated
95
Q

What is On-Demand in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Least Commitment

  • default for EC2 instance
  • low cost and flexible
  • only pay per hour or minute based on EC2 instance type
  • no up-front cost & no long term commitment
  • short-term, spiky, unpredictable workloads
  • cannot be interrupted
  • For first-time apps
96
Q

What is Spot in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Biggest Savings

  • request spare computing capacity
  • flexible start and end times
  • can handle interruptions (server randomly stopping and starting)
  • for non-critical background jobs
97
Q

What is Reserved Instance in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Best Long-Term

  • steady-state or predictable usage or require reserved capacity
  • commit to EC2 over a 1-3 year term (longer terms = more savings)
  • can resell unused reserved instances
98
Q

What is Dedicated in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Most Expensive

  • dedicated servers
  • can be on-demand or reserved (up to 70% off)
  • when you need a guarantee of isolate hardware (enterprise requirements)
99
Q

What can be done with unused RIs?

A

Unused RIs can be sold in the Reserved Instance Marketplace

100
Q

Can RIs be shared?

A

Reserved Instances (RI) can be shared between multiple accounts within an org.

101
Q

What are the payment options for RIs?

A
  1. All Upfront
  2. Partial Upfront
  3. No Upfront.

The grater upfront the more savings

102
Q

What are the offering classes for RIs?

A
  1. Standard
  2. Convertible
  3. Scheduled
103
Q

What is the Standard offering class for RIs?

A

Up to 75% reduced pricing compared to on-demand. Cannot change RI Attributes

104
Q

What is the Convertible offering class for RIs?

A

Up to 54% reduced pricing compared to on-demand. Allows you to change RI Attributes if greater or equal in value

105
Q

What is the Scheduled offering class for RIs?

A

You reserve instances for specific time periods eg. once a week for a few hours. Savings vary

106
Q

What does RI stand for?

A

Reserved Instance

107
Q

What is Spot Instance in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Biggest Savings

  • 90% discount compared to on-demand pricing
  • can be terminated if the computing capacity is needed by on-demand customers
  • for applications with flexible start and end times or applications that are only feasible at very low compute costs (think DB cleanup) (though curious about how to protect if something cut off when doing DB things)
108
Q

Spot Instance termination conditions

A
  • Instances can be terminated by AWS at anytime
  • If your instance is terminated by AWS, you do not get charged for the partial hour of usage
  • If you terminate an instance you will still be charged for any hour that it ran
109
Q

What is Dedicated Host Instance in the EC2 pricing model?

A

Most Expensive

  • designed to meet regulatory requirements. When you have strict server-bound licensing that won’t support multi-tenancy or cloud deployments.
  • offered in both on-demand and reserved (up to 70% off on-demand pricing)
  • enterprises and large organizations may have security concerns about sharing the same hardware with other AWS customers
110
Q

What is multi-tenant?

A

When multiple customers are running workloads on the same hardware. Virtual Isolation is what separate customers (think apartment)

111
Q

What is a single tenant?

A

When a single customer has dedicated hardware. Physical Isolation is what separates customers (think houses)

112
Q

Is Dedicated Host Instance multi or single-tenant?

A

Single-tenant

113
Q

Which EC2 pricing model is the best long-term value?

A

Reserved Instances

114
Q

Which EC2 pricing model is the most savings?

A

Spot Instances

115
Q

What AWS services are free?

A
  • IAM - Identity Access Management
  • Amazon VPC
  • Auto Scaling
  • Cloud Formation
  • Elastic Beanstalk
  • Opsworks
  • Amplify
  • AppSync
  • CodeStar
  • Organizations and Consolidated Billing
  • AWS Cost Explorer
116
Q

What does it mean for an AWS service to be free?

A

Some services are free, but the resources they setup will cost you

117
Q

How many support plans does AWS offer?

A

4

118
Q

What are the AWS support plans?

A
  1. Basic
  2. Developer
  3. Business
  4. Enterprise
119
Q

How much does the Basic AWS Support Plan Cost?

A

$0 USD/month

120
Q

How much does the Developer AWS Support Plan Cost?

A

$29 USD/month starting

121
Q

How much does the Business AWS Support Plan Cost?

A

$ 100 USD/month starting

122
Q

How much does the Enterprise AWS Support Plan Cost?

A

$15,000 USD/month starting

123
Q

What comes with the Basic AWS Support Plan?

A
  1. Email support only for Billing and Account

2. 7 Trusted Advisor Checks

124
Q

What comes with the Developer AWS Support Plan?

A
  1. Tech support via email
  2. General Guidance
  3. System Impaired
  4. 7 Trusted Advisor Checks
125
Q

What comes with the Business AWS Support Plan?

A
  1. Tech support via email
  2. Tech support via chat and phone
  3. General Guidance
  4. System Impaired
  5. Production System Impaired
  6. Production System Down
  7. All Trusted Advisor Checks
  8. Third-party support
126
Q

What comes with the Enterprise AWS Support Plan?

A
  1. Tech support via email
  2. Tech support via chat and phone
  3. General Guidance
  4. System Impaired
  5. Production System Impaired
  6. Production System Down
  7. Business-Critical System Down
  8. Personal Concierge
  9. TAM (Technical Account Manager)
  10. All Trusted Advisor Checks
  11. Third-party support
127
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support Tech Support via email?

A

~24 hours, though can include nature of issue which affects response time

128
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support Tech Support via Chat, Phone?

A

Anytime 24/7

129
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support General Guidance?

A

< 24 hours

130
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support System Impaired?

A

< 12 hours

131
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support Production System Impaired?

A

< 4 hours

132
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support Production System Down?

A

< 1 hour

133
Q

What is the response time of AWS Support Business-Critical System Down?

A

< 15 minutes

134
Q

How to create a Support Case?

A
  1. From the support page hit Create Case
  2. Choose Account and billing support, service limit increase, or technical support (tech support disabled on basic plan)
  3. Fill in the form with info such as service, category, and severity.
135
Q

How many files can you add to a support case?

A

3

136
Q

How many files can you add to a support case?

A

3

137
Q

What is AWS Marketplace?

A

A curated digital catalog with thousands of software listings from independent software vendors. Find, buy, test, and deploy software that already runs on AWS.

138
Q

What types of software are sold in AWS Marketplace?

A
  1. Operating Systems
  2. Security
  3. Networking
  4. Storage
  5. Bussiness Intelligence
  6. Databases
  7. Dev Ops
  8. Machine Learning
139
Q

What delivery methods are products on AWS Marketplace offered in?

A
  1. AMIs
  2. AWS CloudFormation templates
  3. SaaS offerings
  4. Web ACL
  5. AWS WAF rules
140
Q

Where can you sell your own solutions?

A

The sales channel for ISVs and Consulting Partners

141
Q

How will I be billed for software purchased from AWS Marketplace?

A

Added to AWS bill

142
Q

Where can I see my AWS Marketplace subscriptions?

A

Search AWS Marketplace Subscriptions (may need to change region to see all of them)

143
Q

Scenario: You want to use an AMI from the AWS Marketplace. Do you do that from the marketplace or when you are selecting the AMI for your EC2 instance?

A

Usually when setting up the service such as EC2

144
Q

What is AWS Trusted Advisor?

A

AWS Trusted Advisor is an online tool that provides you real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices. Trusted Advisor checks help optimize your AWS infrastructure, improve security and performance, reduce your overall costs, and monitor service limits.

145
Q

What are the AWS Trusted Advisor categories?

A
  1. Cost Optimization
  2. Performance
  3. Security
  4. Fault Tolerance
  5. Service Limits
146
Q

What is consolidated billing?

A

One bill for all your accounts. For billing, AWS treats all accounts in an organization as if they were one account. You can designate one master account. No extra charge.

147
Q

What is cost explorer?

A

Tool to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time. Default reports and custom reports. Can filter and group.

148
Q

What allows you to take advantage of Volume Discounts?

A

Consolidated Billing because combines usage across all organization accounts.

149
Q

What are Volume Discounts?

A

The more you use, the more you save.

150
Q

What is cost explorer forecasting?

A

Gives an idea of future costs

AWS Cloud Practitioner (20 decks)

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