Cloning

Question 1

what is cloning

Answer 1

process of producing genetically identical organisms

Question 2

what are the three types of cloning

Answer 2

DNA cloning, therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning

Question 3

what is DNA cloning

Answer 3

the transfer of a segment of DNA from one organism to a self replicating structure

Question 4

what is therapeutic/embryo cloning

Answer 4

the process of making a biologic copy of a fertilised egg that has begun the process of cell division

Question 5

what is reproductive cloning

Answer 5

the technique used to produce an animal with the same DNA as another animal

Question 6

what does SCNT stand for

Answer 6

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 7

what is the name of the first mammal that was cloned from an adult somatic cell

Answer 7

Dolly

Question 8

disadvantages of cloning

Answer 8

• challenges moral convictions of certain religious groups
• the costs are very high
• the long term effects are largely unknown
• it decreases genetic variation

Question 9

Advantages of cloning

Answer 9

• diseases may be eliminated from a population
• may be helpful to those who cannot have children
• conservation of threatened species

Question 10

what is a stem cell

Answer 10

undifferentiated somatic cells

Question 11

what is the purpose of a stem cell

Answer 11

• they provide replacement cells for damaged or diseased cells
• they generate a continuous supply of new cells

Question 12

what are the four main sources of stem cells

Answer 12

embryonic stem cells
foetal stem cells
adult stem cells
induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 13

embryonic stem cell and function

Answer 13

they are obtained from the inner cell mass of an early embryo

function: may develop into any issue type

Question 14

what type of stem cell is an embryonic cell

Answer 14

it is pluripotent

Question 15

what is pluripotent

Answer 15

‘pluri’ stands for many

‘potent’ stands for power

Question 16

foetal stem cell and function

Answer 16

a stem cell that could be obtained from either the umbilical cord at birth of the placenta in the uterus

function : develop into many tissue type

Question 17

adult stem cell and function

Answer 17

obtained from tissues or organs in the body that have already undergone the development stage

function: replace cells of same tissue

Question 18

induced pluripotent stem cell (IPCS) & function

Answer 18

obtained from any adult stem cell

function: programmed to replace any tissue type

Question 19

use of stem cells

Answer 19

• used in bone marrow transplants

* can be used to treat diseases like brain and blood disease

Question 20

why does cloning have a high failure rate

Answer 20

majority of the losses are due to embryonic death

Question 21

example of natural clone

Answer 21

vegetative reproduction in plants

Question 22

what is a clone

Answer 22

a clone is a genetically identical copy