Clinical symptoms - DDx

Question 1

Potential causes of vomiting

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal disease

Infections: flu, norovirus, rotavirus, pertussis

CNS: raised intercranial pressure, migrane

Metabolic: uraemia, hypercalcaemia

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Drugs/Alcohol

Reflex: MI, biliary colic

Psychogenic

Pregnancy

Question 2

DDx of a lump in the groin

Answer 2

Direct or indirect hernia

Femoral hernia

Sebacous cyst

Undescended testis

Cancer (lipoma)

Question 3

DDx of breathlessness

Answer 3

Asthma

COPD

Pneumonia

TB

Pulmonary embolism

heart failure

Lung cancer

Question 4

Causes of pleuretic pain

Answer 4

Inflammation or irritation of the pleural membranes

Can occur in:

pneumonia

pulmonary embolus

pneumothorax

pericarditis

viral infections

Question 5

Causes of acute abdomen

Answer 5

Acute appendicitis
Renal colic
Gynaecological disorders
Intestinal obstruction
Urinary tract infection
Gall bladder disease
Perforation
Ruptured aneurysm
Acute pancreatitis
Diverticular disease