Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Australian National Study statistics

Answer 1

42.9% had a lifetime mental disorder
21.5% had a 12-month mental disorder,
with anxiety disorders being most common.
45.1% of those with a 12-month mental
disorder consulted a health professional

Question 2

Mental health

Answer 2

a clinically diagnosable disorder that significantly
interferes with an individual’s cognitive, emotional
or social abilities

Question 3

Mental disorder

Answer 3

clinically significant disturbance, significant stress or disability, dysfunction biologically, psychologically and socially

Question 4

Categorical classification

Answer 4

Better clinical and administrative utility - clinicians
are often required to make dichotomous decisions.
* Easier communication

Question 5

Dimensional classification

Answer 5

Closely model lack of sharp boundaries between
disorders, between disorders and normality
* Have greater capacity to detect change, facilitate
monitoring
* Can develop treatment-relevant symptom targets-
not simply aiming at resolution of disorder (most
treatments actually target symptoms, not disorders)

Question 6

predisposing factors

Answer 6

increases susceptibility to a mental disorder

Question 7

precipitating factors

Answer 7

ncreases susceptibility to and contributes
to the occurrence of a specific mental
disorder.
Precipitating factors are the immediate
factors or events that have caused the
individual to experience symptoms ‘now

Question 8

perpetuating factors

Answer 8

Maintains the occurrence of a specific
mental disorder and inhibits recovery.
These are the factors that are causing a
person’s symptoms to continue or
progressively worsen.

Question 9

protective factors

Answer 9

Any characteristic or event that reduces the
likelihood of the occurrence or recurrence
of a mental disorder, either on its own or
when risk factors are present.
Strengths or assets that help safeguard
against the effects of risk factors and
minimise their impact

Question 10

Freudian Paradigm

Answer 10

Mental illness stems from unresolved
unconscious conflicts and motives.
- Psychological problems are rooted in
repressed painful childhood
experiences and unacceptable
desires.
- Defense mechanisms (e.g. denial,
repression, projection) can help or
harm if heavily relied upon

Question 11

Behavioral Paradigm

Answer 11

Mental disorder is the result of maladaptive
learned behaviours
e.g- classical or operant conditioning

Question 12

Cognitive-Behavioural Paradigm

Answer 12

thoughts impacts behavior impact emotion

Question 13

Public stigma

Answer 13

stigma exhibited by the public towards those with a mental illness
1.stereotyped attitudes and beliefs
2.prejudical affective responses
3.discriminatory behaviors

Question 14

Structural stigma

Answer 14

ingrained stigma manifest at a societal level
-maintained through policies, laws and ideologies

Question 15

Perceived stigma

Answer 15

s experienced by people living either with or without mental ill-health
-Fundamental substrate of the anticipation and internalisation of public
and structural stigma.

Question 16

experienced stigma

Answer 16

refers to the experience of having been the target of expressed
negative stereotypes, prejudices and manifest discrimination
related to one’s mental ill-health

Question 17

anticipated stigma

Answer 17

the extent to which individuals living with mental ill-health expect
to experience stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination in the
future because of their mental health status

Question 18

self stigma

Answer 18

awareness, agreement, application to self, damage to self

Question 19

mood

Answer 19

a persons sustained experience of emotion

Question 20

affect

Answer 20

refers to the immediate experience of expression and emotion

Question 21

mood disorders

Answer 21

involve a depression or elevation of mood as the primary distirbance

Question 22

panic disorder

Answer 22

recurrent unexpected panic attacks
symptoms such as trembling, sweating, nausea etc.
followed by one month of persistent concern or worry/ maladaptive change in behavior

Question 23

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 23

excessive anxiety and worry, difficult to control the worry, for at least 6 months
symptoms: restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbance etc.

Question 24

The tripartitre model of depression and anxiety (Clark and Watson, 1991)

Answer 24

anxious arousal, negative affect, low positive affect&raquo_space; anxiety and depressive symptoms

Question 25

Beck’s cognitive model of depression

Answer 25

schema based on early experience, negative events establish negative schema and negative automatic thoughts
cognitive pattern involving negative thoughts about the self, the world, the future

Question 26

ABC model of emotion and behavior

Answer 26

A= activating event (what was happening when negative feelings were experienced)
B=belief (belief or thoughts about the activating event)
C= consequence (feelings/ behavior performed)

Question 27

Psychoses

Answer 27

-symptom configuration (non-bizarre vs bizarre)
-duration ( more or less than 6 months)
-relative pervasiveness

Question 28

positive symptoms

Answer 28

additive to normal experience

Question 29

negative symptoms

Answer 29

deficit to normal function

Question 30

Psychoses positive symptoms

Answer 30

hallucinations, delusions

Question 31

Psychoses negative symptoms

Answer 31

avolition, alogia, anhedonia, inattention, affective flattening

Question 32

DSM-5 Schizophrenia Criteria

Answer 32

1. two or more of the following symptoms for a significant portion of time (delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, disorganised, negative symptoms)

Question 33

Diathesis-stress models

Answer 33

most mental disorders involved the combined action of a personality vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress

Question 34

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 34

2 distinct personalities that switch. recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events,