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SA reproductive > Clinical Conditions > Flashcards

Clinical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

Hydrocoele is a collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis

  • must perform transilluminatio
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2
Q

What is a Krukenberg tumour?

A
  • A Krukenberg tumour is a metastatic gastrointestinal tumour within the ovaries
  • It is often bilateral and usually from stomach
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3
Q

What is a varicocoele?

A

Varicocoele is the gross dilation of veins draining the testes, looks like a bag of worms

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4
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Sheehan’s syndrome is a state of postpartum hypopituitarism caused by ischaemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland due to blood loss and hypovolaemic shock during and after childbirth

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5
Q

Briefly, what is genital warts?

A

Genital warts is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papilloma virus

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6
Q

What is amenorhea?

A

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation

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7
Q

What is vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia?

A
  • Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia involves atypical squamous cells within the epidermis (no invasion)
  • It is an in situ precursor of vulval squamous cell carcinoma
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8
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by C. trachomatis serotypes L1-3 and presents with a rapidly healing papule then inguinal bubo

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9
Q

What is iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia is the reduction in the amount of healthy RBCs in blood due to a lack of iron

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10
Q

What is menopause?

A

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation (12 consecutive months) with no associated physiological causes at the end of reproductive life due to loss of ovarian follicular activity

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11
Q

What is oligomenorrhea?

A

Oligomenorrhoea is infrequent menstruation >35 days i.e. 4-9x per year

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12
Q

What is Donovanosis?

A

Donovanosis is a tropical sexually transmitted infection presenting as genital nodules which progress to ulcers, caused by Klebsiella granulomatis

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13
Q

Briefly, what is genital herpes?

A

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Herpes simplex virus (1&2)

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14
Q

What is salpingitis?

A

Salpingitis is the inflammation and infection of the uterine tubes

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15
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • Bacterial vaginosis is a female genital tract infection which is not sexually transmitted
  • It is the most common cause of abnormal discharge, odour and irritation in women of childbearing age
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16
Q

What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is the severe end of the spectrum of PMS with extreme mood symptom

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17
Q

What is parametritis?

A

Parametritis is the inflammation of the uterine ligaments and parametrium (connective tissue adjacent to the uterus)

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18
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease is the infection of the female upper genital tract which ascends from the endocervix
  • It presents with endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess and/or pelvic peritonitis
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19
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Menorrhagia is a complaint of excessive menstrual blood loss over consecutive cycles or >80 mls per menstruation

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20
Q

Briefly, what is syphillus?

A

Syphillus is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the organism Treponema pallidum

21
Q

What is vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a genital tract infection referring to vaginal and vulval symptoms caused by a yeast

22
Q

What is secondary amenorrhoea?

A

Secondary amenorrhoea is the cessation of previously normal menstruation for >/= 6 months

23
Q

What is a postpartum haemorrhage?

A

A postpartum haemorrhage is the loss of more than 500 ml of blood in the first 24 hours following childbirth

24
Q

What is a tubo-ovarian abscess?

A
  • A tubo-ovarian abscess is an encapsulated pocket of puss which forms due to infection of the fallopian tubes and ovaries
  • It is a late complication of PID and can be life-threatening if the abscess ruptures and results in sepsis
25
Q

What is pathological menopause?

A

Pathological menopause is the gradual/abrupt cessation of menstruation < 40 years occur idiopathically (5% of women)

26
Q

What is Gestational diabetes?

A
  • Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin production for pregnancy demands
  • It commonly occurs in the second ½ of pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth
27
Q

What is primary infertility?

A

Primary infertility is when someone who has never conceived a child in the past has difficulty conceiving

28
Q

What is primary amenorrhoea?

A

Primary amenorrhoea is the failure to establish menstruation by 16 years

29
Q

What is endometritis?

A

Endometritis is the inflammation and infection of the endometrium lining of the uterus

30
Q

What is pseudomyoxoma peritonei?

A
  • Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a condition caused by cancer cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) which produce extensive mucinous ascites due to epithelial implants on peritoneal surfaces
  • There’s frequent involvement of ovaries which can cause intestinal obstruction
31
Q

What is premenstrual syndrome?

A
  • PMS is a cyclical disorder, occurring in latter half of the menstrual cycle
  • Symptoms could be physical or psychological and resolve with onset of menstruation
32
Q

What is scabies?

A

Scabies is a skin condition caused by an infestation of the human itch mite called Sarcoptes scabiei

33
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

Dysmenorrhoea is pain during menses, associated with ovulatory cycles

34
Q

What is secondary dysmenorrhea?

A

Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain due to endometriosis or obstructed menses

35
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A

Pre-eclampsia is a rapidly progessive disorder occuring only during pregnancy and the postpartum period characterized by hypertension and usually the proteinuria

36
Q

What is a haematocoele?

A

Haematocoele is a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis

37
Q

Briefly, what is chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis

38
Q

What is Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia?

A
  • CIN is a dysplasia of squamous cells within the cervical epithelium, induced by infection with high risk HPVs
  • Three stages: CN I mostly regresses spontaneously, some progress to CN II (in situe carcinoma) and 10% may progresses to an invasive carcinoma (2-10 years)
39
Q

What is subfertility?

A

Subfertility is the failure of conception in a couple having regular, unprotected coitus for one year

40
Q

What is chancroid?

A

Chancroid is a bacterial STD presenting as painful genital ulcers which are caused by infection with Haemophilus ducreyi

41
Q

What is oophoritis?

A

Oophoritis is the inflammation of the ovaries, often arising due to infection and often accompanied with salpingitis

42
Q

What is pelvic peritonitis?

A

Pelvic peritonitis is the inflammation and infection of the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdomen in the pelvic area, often occurring as a complication of salpingitis

43
Q

What is physiological menopause?

A

Physiologic menopause is the normal decline in ovarian function due to ageing (45 - 55), resulting in infrequent ovulation, decreased menstrual function and eventually cessation of menstruation

44
Q

What are pubic lice?

A

Pubic lice are small parasites (crab louse - Phthirus pubis) affecting the genital area

45
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhea?

A

Primary dysmenorrhea is idiopathic menstrual pain due to the response of the uterus to local prostaglandins, hence painful contractions

46
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

DUB is heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding that occurs secondary to anovulation

47
Q

Briefly, what is gonorrhea?

A

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the organism Neisseria gonorrhea

48
Q

why do hydroceles in young boys often get bigger when they cough

A

patent process vagination - pathway between the abdomen and the testies (This pathway gets destroyed at a young age so some boys will still have this present)

  • Fluid gets pushed down this tube

SA reproductive (22 decks)

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