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Geography > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 natural causes of climate change?

A

Orbital changes
Solar output
Volcanic acitivy

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2
Q

How do orbital changes lead to climate change?

A

Sun’s eclipse changes every 100,000 years
Orbits closer to sun; warmer climate
Tilt increases; exaggerates climate

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3
Q

How does volcanic activity lead to climate change?

A

Sulphur mixes with water vapour
Becomes volcanic aerosol
Reflects suns heat energy entering atmosphere
Global temps drop

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4
Q

How does solar output lead to climate change?

A

Sunspots caused my magnetic activity inside sun
Fluctuations in amount of radiation from sun
Solar output measured by sunspots

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5
Q

What are 3 human causes of climate change?

A

Fossil fuels
Agriculture
Deforestation

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6
Q

How do fossil fuels lead to climate change?

A

Over 50% of GG emissions- releases CO2
Greenhouse effect; sun’s rays let into atmosphere but not back out
Used for transportation, heating, building

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7
Q

How does agriculture lead to climate change?

A

20% of GG emissions- produce methane
Cattle produce it during digestion
Population increases- for food required

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8
Q

How does deforestation lead to climate change?

A

Photosynthesis; trees absorb CO2 and release O2

Fewer trees can absorb or, and CO2 is released back into atmosphere when cut down

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9
Q

What are 3 long term evidences of climate change?

A

Ice cores
Tree rings
Ocean sediments

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10
Q

What do ice cores show about climate change?

A

Layers of ice build up over thousands of years
Ice cores drilled out
Trapped CO2 and methane released- compared to present levels

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11
Q

What do tree rings show about climate change?

A

Natural recorder- used before reliable data methods
Only indicate change rather than specific temperatures
E.g rings grow wider in warm, wet years and thinner in cold and dry years

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12
Q

What do ocean sediments show about climate change?

A

Deeper the sediment, older it is
Billions of tonnes deposited- provide timeline
Organisms reveal past surface temps and oxygen levels

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13
Q

What are 2 recent evidences of climate change?

A

Melting ice

Seasonal changes

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14
Q

What does melting ice show about climate change?

A

Ice sheets melting; sea levels rise

Risen by 19cm since 1900

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15
Q

What do seasonal changes show about climate change?

A

Seasonality variations

Plants and animals starting to adapt

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16
Q

What are 2 economic effects of climate change?

A

Cost of adapting coastal areas to rising sea levels

Loss of capacity to work- either sever heat or diseases spread due to higher temps

17
Q

What are 2 environmental effects of climate change?

A

Shrinking productivity of harvests- too hot, not enough rain, too wet- destroy them
Species extinctions- tigers; forest fires. Snow leopards; snow, ice melting

18
Q

What are 2 social effects of climate change?

A

Increased floods due to rising sea levels- loss of income from tourism
Skin cancer e.t.c- death toll increases, greater fees on healthcare

19
Q

What are 2 mitigation strategies?

A

Solar energy

International agreements

20
Q

What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of solar energy?

A
  1. Saves over a ton of CO2- not GG emission to contribute to climate change
  2. No sunshine at night- cannot be relied on to generate electricity
21
Q

What is one advantage and one disadvantage of international agreements?

A
  1. Makes a good difference- global emissions reduced by 60% by 2050
  2. Challenge for countries to agree on targets- some can afford mitigation more than others
22
Q

What are 2 adaptation strategies?

A

Changes in agricultural systems

Managing water supply

23
Q

What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of changes in agricultural systems?

A
  1. Farmers and families continue to make income and eat crops they grow
  2. Cost of adapting is harder for poorer subsistence farmers
24
Q

What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of managing water supply?

A
  1. Summers wont get dryer and winter wont get wetter; water supply being controlled
  2. Desalination plant requires lots of energy- CO2 emissions need to be offset by an electricity plant

Geography (13 decks)

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