Clicker Questions Flashcards
Most potassium reabsorption occurs at which of the following sites?
proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following cells play a major role in the secretion of potassium?
Principal Cells
Which of the following plays a major role in stimulating potassium excretion by the kidney tubules?
Aldosterone
Approximately how much of the body’s supply of calcium is stored in bone?
99%
How much of filtered calcium is excreted by the kidneys?
1%
Which of the following cells reabsorb potassium during potassium depletion?
Intercalated Cells
A high potassium intake would have what effects on potassium excretion associated with increased renal tubular flow rate?
There would be little effect
Which of the following describes a valid change in potassium distribution due to an acid-base abnormality?
Metabolic acidosis increases extracellular K+ concentration
Which of the following buffer system is the most important in buffering renal tubular fluid?
Phosphate buffer system
Compounds that dissociate incompletely into H ions and a conjugate base are members of which of the following compounds?
weak acids
The bicarbonate buffer system consists of a bicarbonate salt and which of the following
weak acid
Which of the following buffer systems is the most important Extracellular buffer system?
Bicarbonate buffer system
Primary active H+ secretion involves a H+ transporting ATPase. It occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubules
Late distal tubules in the intercalated cells
Most bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?
proximal tubule
Which of the following occurs when a decrease in bicarbonate ion results in a decrease in the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbon dioxide int eh extracellular fluid?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in CO2 concentration caused by hyperventilation is compensated for by which of the following mechanisms?
Renal excretion of bicarbonate ion.
The thin descending loop of Henle is highly permeable to
water
Aldosterone is an important regulator of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion; one of its main targets is:
Principal cells
The macula dense is found in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following would be a result of increased levels of angiotensin II?
increased vasoconstriction
A 1-sodium, 2-choloride, 1-potassium co-transporter is found in the luminal membrane of which part of the renal tubule?
Thick ascending limb of henle
ADH is formed in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. IT is secreted by specialized neurons from the following area
Posterior Pituitary
Acidosis occurs when the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid decreases. When this change is due to a decrease in bicarbonate ion, it is called respiratory acidosis T/F
False
The volume by which the lungs and thorax incase for each unit of pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure is referred to as:
compliance
During heavy exercise blood flow through the lungs increases for to seven times that at rest. This incase is due to which of the following?
ALL OF THE ABOVE:
Incase in the number of open capillaries up to 3 times normal
Dissension of capillaries and doubling in the flow rate
increase in pulmonary arterial pressure
the Va/Q ratio is bro under which of the following conditions?
Va=0, but perfusion is greater than zero
According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, and incase in blood partial oxygen pressure will have which o the following effects?
Increase in bound oxygen
Reduction of blood flow to a portion of the lung has which of the following effects?
Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung.
One gram of hemoglobin can bind to how much oxygen?
1.34 ml of oxygen
Above an intracellular PO2 of 1mm Hg, the limiting factor for cellular chemical reactions
ADP
Where is lowest osmolarity when ADH is low?
Late distal convoluted tubule
Where is ADH formed?
Magnocellular neurons in: Supraoptic nuclei, paraventricular nuclei
Which of the following buffer systems is most important in buffering renal tubular fluid? a) phosphate buffer system b) carbonate buffer system c) bicarbonate buffer system d) hemoglobin buffer system
Phosphate buffer
