classification pack 10 Flashcards
carolus linnaeus came up with
the binomial system of naming species where every species is given a unique two part Latin name
the first part of the name indicates
the genus and is given an upper case letter
the second part of the name indicates
the species and is given a lower case letter
both parts of the name should be written in
italics
taxonomy
taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms
taxonomic hierarchy
kingdom -> phylum -> class -> order -> family -> genus -> species
taxa
a taxonomic hierarchy series of nested groups where organisms share one or more common features and a common ancestor
as you move down the hierarchy there are :
- more groups at each level
- fewer organisms in each group
- more similarities between organisms
organisms are placed into taxonomic groups based on
similarities in phenotype and similarities in genotype
molecular phylogeny is used to identify similarities in
DNA base sequences
organisms that have features in common will be
placed in the same taxonomic group
classification is built around the
series concept - organisms which have similar characteristics and DNA and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring are placed in the same species
animal description
multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs- obtain energy as readymade organic molecules by ingesting material from other organisms
plants description
multicellular eukaryotes, autotrophs- make their own organic molecules by photosynthesis (apart from a few parasites)
fungi description
multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs- absorb nutrients from decaying matter after external digestion
