Class 3

Question 1

What is the dramaturgical approach?

Answer 1

It posits that we imagine ourselves as playing certain roles when interacting with others.

Question 2

What is a self schema? What is self esteem?

Answer 2

It is the beliefs and ideas you have about yourself; they guide and organize the processing of information that is relevant to you. Self esteem is the beliefs about one’s self worth.

Question 3

What is the difference between self-efficacy and locus of control?

Answer 3

Self-efficacy is how good you think tou are at doing something, while locus of control is whether you think you have control over what happens to you

Question 4

What is aversive control in an experimental setting?

Name two types of aversive control and their description.

Answer 4

It occurs when behavior is motivated by the reality or threat of something unpleasnat happening. Two types include escape behavior and avoidance behavior. Escape behavior is the TERMINATION of an UNPREDICTED, unpleasnt stimulus that has already occured. Aviodance behavior is the avoidance of a PREDICTABLE, unpleasant stimulus before it is initiated.

Question 5

Social learning is synonymous with…

Answer 5

vicarious learning/observational learning

Question 6

Describe social facilitation

Answer 6

It is the tendency to perform better on simple, well-ingrained tasks in front of other. Social facilitation tends to occur for novel, complex tasks.

Question 7

What situations lead to deindivilization?

Answer 7

Situations where there is a high degree of arousal and a low degree of personal responsibility, like in crowds.

Question 8

Describe the bystander effect.

Answer 8

Says most people are less likley to help a victim when others are present.

Question 9

Dscribe the term groupthink.

Answer 9

When desire to acheive harmony and reach a ‘consensus’ decision causes groups to not critically evaulate alternative viewpoints and leads to irrational decsion-making.

Question 10

When is groupthink more likely to occur?

Answer 10

• the group is OVERLY OPTIMISTIC and strongly believes in its stance
• the group justifies its own decisions and DEMONIZES those of its opponents
• dissenting opinions and facts ARE PREVENTED from permeating the group
• individuals feel PRESSURED TO CENSOR their own opinions in favor of the perceived ‘consensus’

Question 11

We atrribute behavior to _____ attribution(internal causes) or ______ attribution(external causes.)

Answer 11

dispositional; situational

Question 12

When we believe that bad things happen to others because of their own actions, we manifest the ___

Answer 12

just world belief

Question 13

When can a stereotype threat occur?

Answer 13

when people are in situations where they are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their own social group

Question 14

What are the three key elements to persuasion?

Answer 14

message characteristics, source characteristics, and target characteristics

Question 15

Name and describe the two routes of persuasion

Answer 15

central route- people are persuaded by the content of the argument itself

peripheral route- people focus on superficial or secondary characteristics of the speech or the orator

Question 16

Difference between the foot in the door and door in the face technique?

Answer 16

Foot in the door technique involves asking for a small request first then a much larger request next; the opposite is true for door in face technique

Question 17

What is the low ball technique?

Answer 17

This technique involves getting someone to agree to something at a low cost (monetary, time commitment, etc.) and then increasing the cost

Question 18

What is the ingratiation technique?

Answer 18

This technique involves gaining compliance by first gaining personal approval from an individual first.

Question 19

What is the norm of reciprocity?

Answer 19

We are more likely to comply with a request from someone who has done us a favor in the past.

Question 20

Solomon Asch’s experiments focused on _____ while Stanley Milgram’s experiments focused on _____.

Answer 20

Conformity- comparison line test

Obedience- shock learning experiment

Question 21

Both the Harlows and Mary Ainsworth conducted experiments studying what?

Answer 21

Attachment(baby monkeys and babies)

Question 22

Describe the following attachment styles: securely attached

Answer 22

Securely attached toddlers happily explore their surroundings while mother is present, cry when she leaves, but are quickly consoled upon her return. They have sensitive and responsive caregivers.

Question 23

Describe the following attachment styles: ambivalent attachment

Answer 23

When the mother leaves, toddler cries loudly, but remain upset even after her return. Toddler may be inconsolable.

Question 24

Describe the following attachment styles: avoidant attachment

Answer 24

Toddler demonstrates seeming indifference to mother’s departure and return. Physiological data show that the toddler is in fact experiencing stress.

Question 25

Describe the following attachment styles: disorganized attachment

Answer 25

Toddler cannot predict the mother’s behavior, which can include frightening gestures, abuse, and neglect.

Question 26

Describe the halo effect and the the physical attractiveness stereotype.

Answer 26

Halo effect: our overall impression of someone impacts our assumptions about that person’s character

Physical attractiveness stereotype: a type of halo effect that occurs when an individual is attractive, we are more likely to assume they are smart, funny, good people

Question 27

Describe the difference between folkways, mores, and taboos.

Answer 27

Folkways are norms that stem from causal interactions. Breaking a folkway does not usually have a serious consequences.

Mores are morally significant norms; breaking them results in disapproval.

Taboos are strong norms that society holds; violation results in extreme disgust. Violators are considered unfit for society.

Question 28

Explain the difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression

Answer 28

Hostile aggression is accompanied by strong emotions and retaliatory while instrumental aggression is goal-oriented, planned, and controlled.