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info systems > class 3 > Flashcards

class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

who uses a data model?

A

database administrators to design tables with their corresponding associations

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2
Q

what are database associations?

A

the relationships that one entity has to another and determine necessary key structures to access data

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3
Q

what are the 3 relationships types of associations between data in a data model?

A

one to one ( associates one attribute to one attribute in another table)

one to many associates (associates one attribute to many attributes in another table)

many to many (associates many attributes to many attributes in another table)

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4
Q

what are the 2 reasons a database should be designed?

A

designed to store all data relevant to business

designed to provide quick and easy access and easy modification

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5
Q

when building a database, an organization must consider what 4 characteristics?

A

content: what data should be collected and at what cost

access: what data should be provided to which users and when

logical structure: how should data be arranged so that it makes sense to a given user

physical organization: where should data be physically located

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6
Q

what is a data model?

A

a diagram of data entities and their relationships

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7
Q

what is enterprise data modelling?

A

data modelling done at the level of the entire enterprise

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8
Q

how can you create roadmap for building a database and information system?

A

crating a single definition and format for data that can ensure compatibility

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9
Q

what are entity-relationship diagrams?

A

data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data

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10
Q

what are boxes in entity-relationship diagrams?

A

they indicate data items or entities contained in data tables

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11
Q

what are lines in entity-relationship diagrams?

A

shows relationships between entities

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12
Q

what is a relational model?

A

a simple but highly useful way to organize data into collections of two-dimensional tables that are linked to one another

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13
Q

what does each row in a relational model represent?

A

an entity in the table

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14
Q

what does each column in a relational model represent?

A

an attribute of that entity

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15
Q

what is domain in a relational model?

A

the range of allowable values for a data attribute

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16
Q

what are the 2 types of designs for building a database?

A

logical design
physical design

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17
Q

what is a logical design for a database model?

A

an abstract model of how data should be structured and arranged to meet an organizations information needs

18
Q

what is a physical design for a database model?

A

starts from the logical database design and fine tunes it for performance and cost considerations and makes it physical

19
Q

what is planned data redundancy?

A

done to improve system performance so that user reports or queries can be created more quickly

20
Q

what is database management system (DBMS)?

A

system software that sets up the database structure

21
Q

what are the 2 parts of database management system?

A

data dictionary
query language

22
Q

what is data dictionary?

A

defines each field and record, explains what each field means and who is authorized to update it

23
Q

what is query language?

A

used to extract data that satisfies a certain criteria from a data base

24
Q

what are the 2 main forms of output from a DBMS?

A

commands
reports

25
Q

what are the 9 ways a database management system enables interactions with the database?

A

data dictionary management

data transformation and presentation

security management

backup and recovery management

data integrity management

database access languages and application programming iterfaces

database communication interfaces

transaction management

data entry and queries

26
Q

what is an example of data entry through a database management system?

A

data is entered from paper employment applications into a form entry screen

the entry forms are designed to math the paper forms for ease of entry

the form data is process by the entry program and then stored in the employment database

27
Q

what are the 4 ways of manipulating data?

A

selecting: eliminating rows

projecting: eliminating columns

joining: combining two or more tables

linking: combining two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only unique data attributes

28
Q

what is a query?

A

a way to extract data from a database, it focuses in providing appropriate parameters to select the information required

29
Q

what is SQL ( structured query language)?

A

a language to select and extract data from a database

30
Q

what is QBE (query by example)?

A

a technique that allows a user to design a query on a screen by dragging and placing the query field in the desired locations

31
Q

what is an example of structured query language?

A

select: last_name, first_name, city
from: applicant
where: application_date >= ‘august 19, 2012’

32
Q

what is the database management system function “report”?

A

a database function that extracts and formats information from a database for printing and presentation

33
Q

what is a report generator?

A

a specialized program that uses SQL to retrieve and manipulate data, the reports can use a standard template or be custom generated to meet informational needs

34
Q

how would you create a report?

A

the developer must first select the table or queries upon which the report will be based

all fields will become available to the developer to include on the report

the developer formats and enters the report header, detail and footer, the required fields are placed in the desired location on the report layout

35
Q

what is data cleansing?

A

the process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, irrelevant records that reside in a database

36
Q

is it expensive to perform data cleansing?

A

yes very expensive

37
Q

what is data validation?

A

involves “bad data” and its rejection at the time of data entry

38
Q

what is an MS Access?

A

MS Access can be used as an information system developer tool

39
Q

what can we use MS Access for?

A

to build a customized management information system

40
Q

when setting up the database as a part of the DBMS, what is before the data is entered?

A

the database design (table structures, primary keys, relationships)

info systems (18 decks)

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