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info systems > class 17 > Flashcards

class 17 Flashcards

1
Q

what is software?

A

it consists of computer programs that control the workings of computer hardware

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2
Q

what are the 2 kinds of software?

A

system software
application software

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3
Q

what is system software?

A

controls the activities and functions of the hardware and other programs and supports the applications programs problem solving capabilities

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4
Q

what is application software?

A

programs that help users solve particular problems

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5
Q

when did software start ti be sold separately (ms word, powerpoint)?

A

1969

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6
Q

what is the sphere of influence for software?

A

the scope of the problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization

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7
Q

what is the personal sphere of influence of software?

A

serves the needs of an individual user and enables users to improve their personal effectiveness

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8
Q

what is a workgroup?

A

two or more people working together to achieve a common goal

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9
Q

what is the workgroup sphere of influence for software?

A

helps workgroup members attain their common goals

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10
Q

what is the enterprise sphere of influence of software?

A

serves the needs of the firm in its interaction with its environment including business partners

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11
Q

what are 4 examples of personal systems software?

A

smartphone
tablet
personal computer
workstation operating system

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12
Q

what are 4 examples of personal application software?

A

word-processing
spreadsheet
data base
graphics program

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13
Q

what is an example of workgroup systems software?

A

network operating systems

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14
Q

what are 4 examples of workgroup application software?

A

email
group-scheduling
shared-work
collaborations applications

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15
Q

what is an example of enterprise systems software?

A

server and mainframe operating systemss

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16
Q

what are 4 examples of enterprise application software?

A

general-ledger
order entry
payroll
Human Resources applications

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17
Q

what are the 3 types of systems software?

A

operating systems
utility programs
middle ware

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18
Q

what new operating systems?

A

a set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs

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19
Q

what are the 4 combinations of operating systems, computers and users?

A

single computer with single user
single computer with multiple simultaneous users
multiple computers with multiple users
special purpose computers

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20
Q

what is single computer with a single user operating systems?

A

used in personal computers, tablets and smart phones that support one user at a time

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21
Q

what is single computer with multiple simultaneous users operating systems?

A

used in larger server or mainframe computers that support hundreds or thousands of people all using the computer at the same time

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22
Q

what is multiple computers with multiple users operating systems?

A

used in computer networks including home networks with several computers attached (WIFI)

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23
Q

what are special purpose computer operating systems?

A

specialized functions such as those that control sophisticated military aircraft, digital cameras and home appliances

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24
Q

what are 3 examples of application programs?

A

word
zoom
powerpoint

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25
Q

what are hardware drivers?

A

what you install on your computer to user certain hardware like a printer

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26
Q

what is a kernel?

A

the heart of the operating system

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27
Q

what does the kernel do?

A

after you start ip the computer the kernel of the operating system is loaded into primary storage and remains there until the computer is turned off

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28
Q

what is the kernel critical for?

A

the processes of the operating system and ties all of the operating systems components together and regulates other programs

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29
Q

what are the 8 functions performed by the operating system?

A

control common computer hardware functions
provide a user interface and input/output management
provide a degree of hardware independence
manage system memory
manage processing tasks
provide networking capability
control access to system resources
manage files

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30
Q

what are 4 common hardware functions of operating systems?

A

get input from keyboard or another input device
retrive data from disks
store data on disks
display information on a monitor or printer

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31
Q

what are the 2 input/output management functions of an operating system?

A

a user interface
a graphical user interface

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32
Q

what is a user interface?

A

a command based user interface that requires text commands that allows individuals to access and interact with the computer system

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33
Q

what is a graphical user interface?

A

when the user interacts with icons and menus to send commands to the computer system (windows)

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34
Q

what provides hardware independence of an operating system?

A

application program interface (API)

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35
Q

what is an application program interface (API)?

A

a set of programming instructions and standards for one software program to access and use the service of another software program

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36
Q

what does software independence provide?

A

allows software development without concern for the specific underlying hardware

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37
Q

what is memory management of an operating system?

A

allows the computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing

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38
Q

what is virtual memory?

A

hard disk space is allocated to supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity RAM

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39
Q

what is processing tasks of an operating system?

A

five basic task management techniques

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40
Q

what are the five basic task management techniques?

A

multiuser
multiprocessing
multitasking
multireading
realtime

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41
Q

what is multiuser?

A

allows two or more users to run programs at the same time on one computer

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42
Q

what is multiprocessing?

A

supports running a program on more than one CPU

43
Q

what is multitasking?

A

allows more than one program to run concurrently with another

44
Q

what is multi reading?

A

allows different threads of a single program to run concurrently

45
Q

what is real time?

A

responding to input instantly (airbags going off)

46
Q

what is networking capability of operating systems?

A

allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources

47
Q

what access to system resources and security does operating systems provide?

A

provides protection against unauthorized access to the users data and programs and tracks who is using the system, length of use and attempted security breaches

48
Q

what is file management of an operating system?

A

it ensure that files in secondary storage are available when needed and protects files from access from unauthorized users

49
Q

what are 5 personal operating systems?

A

microsoft windows
Mac OS
Linux
google android
chrome OS

50
Q

what are 6 samples of workgroup operating systems?

A

Microsoft Windows server
Mac OS
Linux
UNIX
HP-UX
IBM I

51
Q

what is Linux?

A

an open source operating system where the 3 most widely used distributions come form software companies such as: red hat, suse and canonical

52
Q

what are 4 things windows servers provides?

A

a powerful web server management system

virtualization tools allow various operating systems to run on a single server

advances security features

robust administrative support

53
Q

what are 2 examples of smartphones using computer OS?

A

google android
apple IOS

54
Q

what is an embedded operating system?

A

a computer system and processor implanted on and dedicated to the control of another device

55
Q

what are some examples of popular OSs for embedded systems?

A

windows embedded
proprietary linux-based systems: Sonys wii

56
Q

what is an utility program?

A

a program that helps perform maintenance or correct problems with a system

57
Q

what are the 3 things utility programs are designed to do?

A

merge and sort sets of data, keep track of computer jobs being run

compress data files before they are stores or transmitted over a network

perform other important tasks

58
Q

what causes a computers performance to diminish over time?

A

as the system errors occur, files clutter your hard drive and security vulnerabilities materialize

59
Q

what is a sysinternals suite?

A

a collections of windows utilities that can be dowloaded for free from the Microsoft technet website

60
Q

what does a sysinternal suite do?

A

boost the performance of a slow PC, repair errors in the registry and on a hard drive, remove unnecessary files and improve system security and privacy

61
Q

what is middleware?

A

software that allows different applications to communicate and exchange data and can be used as an interface between the internet and private corporate systems

62
Q

what is an enterprise application integration (EAI)?

A

tying together of disparate applications

63
Q

what are service oriented architecture (SOA)?

A

a software design approach using modules to provide specific functions as services to other applications

64
Q

what are application programs primary function?

A

to apply the power of the computer to enable people, workgroups and the entire enterprise to solve problems and perform specific tasks

65
Q

what are the 2 kinds of application software?

A

proprietary software
off-the-shelf software

66
Q

what is proprietary software?

A

one of a kind programs for a specific application and is owned by the company, organization or person that uses it

67
Q

what is off the shelf software?

A

software that is mass produced by software vendors

68
Q

what does off the shelf software do?

A

addresses needs that are common across businesses, organizations or individuals

69
Q

what is an example of an off the shelf software?

A

pay works

70
Q

what are the 3 advantages of proprietary software?

A

you can get exactly what you need in term of features, reports

being involved in the development offers more control over the results

can easily modify the software and add features

71
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of proprietary software?

A

takes a lot of time and resources to develop

lots of support and maintenance needed from the internal staff

may fail to meet the needs of the evolving businesses and end users

72
Q

what are the 3 advantages of off-the-shelf software?

A

the initial cost is lower

the software is likely to meet the basic business needs

software is likely to be high quality

73
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of off the shelf software?

A

an organization might have to pay for features that they would not use

software might lack important features and it is expensive to customize to get those features

the software might not match current work processes and data standards

74
Q

what is software as a service (SaaS)?

A

businesses subscribe to web-delivered business application software, a company would pay a monthly service charge or per use fee

75
Q

what are 5 vendors of software as a service?

A

oracle
SAP
NetSuite
Salesforce
Google

76
Q

what are the 5 kinds of personal application software?

A

word processing
spreadsheet analysis
database applications
presentation graphics program
software suites and integrated software packages

77
Q

what are word processing applications?

A

software that lets you create, edit and print text documents (word)

78
Q

what are spreadsheet analysis applications?

A

applications that allows you to perform statistical, financial, logical, database, graphics and data and time calculations using a wide range of built in functions (excel)

79
Q

what are database applications?

A

applications that let you store, manipulate and retrieve data (access)

80
Q

what are presentation graphics programs?

A

applications that develop graphs, illustrations, drawings and presentations (powerpoint)

81
Q

what are software suites and integrated software packages?

A

a collection of single programs packed together in a bindle

82
Q

what is an example of a software suites and integrated software packages?

A

Microsoft bundles together word, excel, powerpoint, access and outlook

83
Q

what are 6 other personal application software?

A

tax-preparation programs
software for creating websites
educational reference
entertainment, games and leisure
computer-assisted design (CAD)
statistical software

84
Q

what is mobile application software?

A

apps on phones, where hundreds of thousands of applications have been developed by third parties

1.8 million apps on app store
2.2 million apps on google play store

85
Q

what are the 13 categories of apps?

A

books and reference
business and finance
entertainment
games
health and fitness
lifestyle
music
news and weather
photography
productivity and utilities
social networking
sports
travel and navigation

86
Q

what is workgroup application software?

A

designed to support teamwork with people in the same location or dispersed around the world

87
Q

how does group work application software achieve its goals?

A

it uses group ware that helps groups of people work together effectively

88
Q

what is an example groupware?

A

Microsoft exchange server

89
Q

what is collaborative software?

A

a workgroup software that allows a team to work together remotely, sharing ideas and work through connected computer systems

90
Q

what is enterprise application software?

A

software that benefits en entire organization and helps managers and workers stay connected, developed specifically for the business or purchased off the shelf

91
Q

what is a negative of enterprise application software?

A

the cost of installation and ability to integrate with other software

92
Q

what are programming languages?

A

sets of keywords, commands, symbols and a system of rules for constructing statements and allows humans to communicate instructions to a computer

93
Q

what is a syntax?

A

a set of rules associated with a programming language

94
Q

what are 8 programming languages?

A

COBOL
C
C++
java
javascript
PHP
Python
ruby
SQL

95
Q

what are 5 software issues?

A

software bugs
copyrights and licensing
open-source software
software upgrades
global software support

96
Q

what is a software bug?

A

a defect in a program that keeps it from performing as it should

97
Q

what are the 7 tips for reducing the impact of software bugs?

A

register all software

check read-me files for solutions to known problems

access the support area of the manufacturers website for patches

install the latest software updates

make sure you can recreate the circumstances under which it occurs

after you can recreate the bug, call the manufactures tech line

consider writing before buying the latest release of software to give the vendor a change to discover and remove bugs

98
Q

are most software products protected by law using copyright or licensing provisions?

A

yes

99
Q

how do softwares protected by copyrights work?

A

in some cases you are given unlimited use of software on one or 2 computers in other cases too pay for your usage, and the more you use the more you pay

100
Q

what is a single user licence?

A

permits you to install the software on one or more computers used by one person

101
Q

what is open-source software?

A

distributed typically for free with the source code

102
Q

what are software upgrades?

A

when software companies revise their programs and sell new versions periodically, these software upgrades vary widely in the benefits that they provide

103
Q

what is the biggest challenge when creating standardized company wide systems?

A

supporting local operations is one of the biggest challenges information support teams face when putting together standardized, company-wide systems

info systems (18 decks)

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