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info systems > class 16 > Flashcards

class 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 hardware components of a computer?

A

input
processing
data storage
output

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2
Q

what is the trend in the computer industry?

A

the produce smaller, faster and more mobile hardware such as smartphones, laptops and tablets

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3
Q

what is a central processing unit (CPU)?

A

the part of the computer that sequences and executes instructions

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4
Q

what are the 3 parts of the central processing unit (CPU)?

A

arithmetic/logic unit
the control unit
register areas

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5
Q

what is memory?

A

the part that provides the processor with a working storage area to hold program instructions and data

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6
Q

what is the brain of the computer?

A

the central processing unit (CPU)

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7
Q

what are input/output devices?

A

devices that provide data and instructions to the computer and receives results from the computer

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8
Q

what is a bus?

A

a set of electronic circuits through which data and instructions are routed to and from the various components over the bus

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9
Q

what is clock speed?

A

a series of electronic pulses produced at a predetermines rate that effects the machine cycle time that governs the speed at which instructions are completed

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10
Q

how is clock speed often measured?

A

in gigahertz GHz

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11
Q

what do many of todays computers operate in today?

A

the 1-4 GHz range

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12
Q

what is multiprocessing?

A

involves the simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time

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13
Q

what is an example of multi processing?

A

typing on word and watching Netflix

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14
Q

what is coprocessor?

A

speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity

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15
Q

what is multicore processor?

A

a processor that has two or more independent processing units called cores

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16
Q

what is parallel computing?

A

the simultaneous execution of the same task on multiple processors to obtain results quickly

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17
Q

what is massively parallel processing systems?

A

systems with thousands of parallel processing systems and links hundred or thousands of processors to operate at the same time

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18
Q

who mostly uses massively parallel processing systems?

A

large corporations

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19
Q

what is grid computing?

A

the use of a collections of computers that works in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem and has a single controlling server

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20
Q

what is a low cost approach to parallel computing?

A

grid computing

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21
Q

what is main memory?

A

memory that provides the CPU with a working storage area for programs and data and rapidly provides data and instructions to the CPU

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22
Q

what is storage capacity?

A

memory devices that contain thousands of circuits imprinted on silicon chips, each circuit is either conducting electrical current (on) or not conducting current (off)

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23
Q

how Is storage capacity measured?

A

bytes with 1 byte equivalent to one character of data

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24
Q

is is expensive to get more memory?

A

yes, the more memory the more it costs

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25
Q

what are the 9 kinds of computer storage units?

A

byte (B)
kilobyte (KB)
megabyte (MB)
gigabyte (GB)
terabyte (TB)
petabyte (PB)
exabyte (XB)
zettabyte ZB)
yottabyte (YB)

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26
Q

how many bytes are in a byte?

A

1

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27
Q

how many bytes are in a kilobyte?

A

1000

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28
Q

how many bytes are in a megabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 2

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29
Q

how many bytes are in a gigabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 3

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30
Q

how many bytes are in a terabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 4

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31
Q

how many bytes are in a petabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 5

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32
Q

how many bytes are in a exabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 6

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33
Q

how many bytes are in a zettabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 7

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34
Q

how many bytes are in a yottabyte?

A

1000 to the power of 8

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35
Q

what are the 2 types of primary memory?

A

random access memory (RAM)
read-only memory (ROM)

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36
Q

what is ram memory?

A

memory that is temporary and volatile

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37
Q

what is an example of ram?

A

storing data for running applications and opening files

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38
Q

what are the 3 types of ram?

A

static random access memory (SRAM)

dynamic random access memory (DRAM)

double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM)

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39
Q

what is static random access memory (SRAM)?

A

used for high speed registers and caches

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40
Q

what us dynamic random access memory (DRAM)?

A

used for main memory

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41
Q

what are 3 other forms of ram?

A

DDR2 SDRAM
DDR3 SDRAM
DDR4 SDRAM

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42
Q

what is DDR4 SDRAM?

A

it is used to reduce the energy required to run portable devices and servers

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43
Q

what is read-only memory (ROM)?

A

a storage for permanent storage for data and instructions that do not change

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44
Q

what are some examples of what would be stored in read-only memory (ROM)?

A

programs and data from the computer manufacturer including instructions that tell the computer how to start up when the power is turned off

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45
Q

what is programmable read-only memory (PROM)?

A

a storage used to hold data and instructions that can never be changed

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46
Q

what is secondary storage?

A

devices that store large amounts of data, instructions and information more permanently than allowed with memory

47
Q

what are the 5 advantages of secondary storage over memory?

A

non volatility
greater capacity
greater economy
less expensive than primary memory
portability (USB)

48
Q

is the secondary storage directly accessible by the CPU?

A

no

49
Q

what are the 3 most common forms of secondary storage?

A

magnetic
optical
solid state

50
Q

how do computers access secondary storage devices?

A

they use input/output channels to access secondary storage and then transfer the desired data to intermediate areas in primary storage

51
Q

what are the 3 types of magnetic secondary storage devices?

A

magnetic tape
hard disk drive (HDD)
virtual tape

52
Q

what is magnetic tape?

A

a type of sequential secondary storage medium primarily for storing backups of critical organizational data

53
Q

what is an example of magnetic tapes?

A

cassetes

54
Q

what is a hard disk drive?

A

a direct access storage device that consists of rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic material

55
Q

what is an example of a hard disk drive?

A

hard drive for xbox

56
Q

what is virtual tape?

A

a storage devices for less frequently needed data, data is stored entirely on tape cartridges and some parts might actually be located on faster hard disks

57
Q

what his a virtual tape server?

A

the software associated with virtual tape server

58
Q

what are optical secondary storage devices?

A

a form of data storage that uses lasers to read and write data

59
Q

what are the 4 common types of optical storage devices?

A

compact disc read-only memory
digital video disc (DVD)
blu-ray high-definition video disk
DNA storage

60
Q

what is solid state storage devices (SSD)?

A

stores data in memory chips rather than magnetic or optical media

61
Q

what are the 2 advantages to solid state storage devices?

A

require less power and provide faster access than magnetic data storage devices

have no moving parts, so they are less fragile than hard disk drives

62
Q

what is an example of a solid storage device (SSD)?

A

a USB

63
Q

what are enterprise storage options?

A

the ways the businesses store large amounts of data created throughout an organization

64
Q

what are the 2 forms of enterprise storage?

A

storage area networks (SAN)
cloud computing storage

65
Q

what are storage area networks (SAN)?

A

a high speed, special-purpose network that integrates different types of data storage devices into a single storage system and connects that to computing resources across an organization

66
Q

what are the 5 capabilities that storage area networks provide?

A

disk mirroring (making backups)
data backup and restore
data archiving
data migration from one device to another
sharing data among other devices

67
Q

what is storage as a service?

A

a data storage model where a data storage service provider rents a space to individuals and organizations and is accessed through the internet

68
Q

what are cloud based storage services?

A

storage where individuals and organizations expect to be able to access what is stored on the could based services

69
Q

what are the 5 things that can be saved on cloud-based storages units?

A

data
documents
databases
presentations
spreadsheets

70
Q

what is an example of cloud based storage services?

A

apple Icloud
amazons elastic compute cloud
dropbox
google drive
Microsofts skydrive
mozy

71
Q

are input and output devices gateways to the computers?

A

yes

72
Q

what do organizations keep in mind when selecting their input and output devices?

A

they keep their business goals in mind

73
Q

what is a desired characteristic of an input device?

A

allow accurate and rapid entry

74
Q

what is a desired characteristic of an output device?

A

produce timely results

75
Q

what are the 14 kinds of input devices?

A

common personal computer input devices (keyboard and mouse)

speech-recognition technology (Siri)

motion-sensing input devices (Wii controller)

scanning devices (document scanner)

optical data readers (barcode scanners)

magnetic ink character recognition devices (check reading)

magnetic stripe cards (swiping a credit card)

chip cards (tapping a credit card)

point of sales devices (iPad, cash drawer)

automated teller machine (ATM) devices

bar-code scanner

radio frequency identification (RFID) devices

touch screens

76
Q

what are the 3 kinds of output devices?

A

display screens
printers and plotters
3D printers

77
Q

what are the 3 kinds of display screens?

A

liquid crystal display (LCD)
light emitting diode (LED)
plasma

78
Q

what are the 2 types of printers?

A

laser
inkjet

79
Q

what are plotters used for?

A

general design work, creating blueprints, schematics and drawings of buildings

80
Q

what are 3D printers?

A

3D technology takes a three dimensional model of an object stored on a computer and sends it to a 3D printer to create the object using strands of plastic filament of synthetic powder

81
Q

who most commonly uses 3D printers?

A

aerospace firms
auto manufacturers
other design-intensive companies

82
Q

what is bioprinting?

A

uses 3D printers to build human parts and organs from actual cells

83
Q

what are the 2 major groups of general-purpose computers?

A

single-user computers
multiple user computers

84
Q

what are mobile computers?

A

computers that are small enough to carry easily in your pocket

85
Q

what are 2 examples of mobile computers?

A

smartphones
laptops, notebooks and tablets

86
Q

what are smartphones?

A

allows users to place calls, download and run apps and send and receive text messages

87
Q

what are thin clients?

A

a low-cost, centrally managed computer with no internal or external attached drives for storage and do not have the storage capacity or computing power of typical desktop computers

88
Q

do thin clients have a hard disk?

A

no they don’t, they never pickup viruses or suffer a hard disk crash

89
Q

what are desktop computers?

A

they are single-user computer systems that are highly versatile

90
Q

what are the 3 benefits of desktop computers?

A

sufficient computing power
sufficient memory
sufficient storage for most business computing tasks

91
Q

when was the first apple iMac desktop computer introduced?

A

1998

92
Q

what is a workstation?

A

more powerful than personal computer but still small enough to fir on a desktop

93
Q

what are workstations used for?

A

to support engineering and technical users who perform heavy mathematical computing, computer-assisted design, video editing and other processes that need a high end processor

94
Q

are workstations more expensive than the average desktop computer?

A

yes

95
Q

what is a server?

A

a compter employed by many users to perform a specific task such as running network or internet applications

96
Q

what are 3 special features of a server that make it better for operating in a multiuser environment?

A

greater memory and storage capacity
faster and more efficient communications abilities
reliable backup capabilities

97
Q

what is a web server?

A

a sever designed to handle internet traffic and communications

98
Q

what is an enterprise server?

A

stores and provides access to programs that meet the needs of an entire organization

99
Q

what is a file server?

A

stores and coordinated program and data files

100
Q

what is scalability?

A

the ability to increase the processing capability and enables the system to handle more users, more data and more transactions

101
Q

what is a mainframe computer?

A

a large powerful computer shared by hundreds of concurrent users connected to the machine over a network

102
Q

what is a super computer?

A

one of the most powerful computer systems with the fastest processing speed and highest performance

103
Q

what is a server farm?

A

a room used to house a large number of servers

104
Q

what is a virtual server?

A

a method of logically dividing the resources of a single physical server to create multiple logical servers and each logical server acts as its own dedicated machine

105
Q

what is a data centre?

A

a climate and access controlled building or a set of buildings that houses the computer hardware that delivers an organizations data and information services

106
Q

what are the 3 factors driving growth in data centres?

A

demand for additional computing capacity
need to additional storage capacity
some organizations are consolidating data centres from many locations down to just a few

107
Q

what are the 2 construction considerations when building a data centre?

A

more efficient operation and reduced energy for processing and cooling

the ability to absorb the impact of disaster and quickly restore services

108
Q

what is green computing?

A

a program concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operations and disposal of information systems related products

109
Q

what are the 3 goals of green computing?

A

reduce the use of hazardous material
allow companies to lower their power-related costs
enable safe disposal or recycling of equipment

110
Q

what is electronic product environmental assessment tool (EPEAT)?

A

a system that enables purchasers to evaluate, compare and select electronic products based on a total of 51 environmental criteria

111
Q

what are the 3 tiers in EPEAT?

A

bronze
silver
gold

112
Q

what are the criteria to reach bronze tier in EPEAT?

A

all 23 required criteria and none of the optional criteria

113
Q

what are the criteria to reach silver tier in EPEAT?

A

all 23 required criteria and 50% of the optional criteria

114
Q

what are the criteria to reach gold tier in EPEAT?

A

all 23 required criteria and 75% of the optional criteria

info systems (18 decks)

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